中山大学孙逸仙纪念医院成功为90岁老人实施腹主动脉瘤腔内隔绝术

2012-04-11 通讯员:王海芳、罗定远(附照片2幅) 医学论坛网

    医学论坛网讯(通讯员:王海芳、罗定远)近日,中山大学孙逸仙纪念医院血管外科顺利为90岁高龄的患者实施腹主动脉瘤腔内隔绝术,刷新了该科腔内介入治疗腹主动脉瘤的最高年龄记录。   患者林婆婆因发现腹部搏动性肿物伴疼痛1周,来到该院就诊。医生检查发现,林婆婆心功能、肝功能基本正常,但有中度肺气肿(慢阻肺)、泌尿系感染,伴有高血压病、糖尿病病史。计算机断层扫描血管照影(CTA)显示肾

 

  医学论坛网讯(通讯员:王海芳、罗定远)近日,中山大学孙逸仙纪念医院血管外科顺利为90岁高龄的患者实施腹主动脉瘤腔内隔绝术,刷新了该科腔内介入治疗腹主动脉瘤的最高年龄记录。

  患者林婆婆因发现腹部搏动性肿物伴疼痛1周,来到该院就诊。医生检查发现,林婆婆心功能、肝功能基本正常,但有中度肺气肿(慢阻肺)、泌尿系感染,伴有高血压病、糖尿病病史。计算机断层扫描血管照影(CTA)显示肾下型腹主动脉瘤及双侧髂总动脉真性动脉瘤,大小约8.6*6.5cm,左侧髂总动脉巨大动脉瘤伴大量附壁血栓形成至管腔几乎闭塞,双侧髂外动脉严重扭曲。

  根据患者的病情,该院甲状腺、血管外科黎洪浩主任术前组织血管外科、心内科、呼吸科、麻醉科、SICU专家对该患者进行充分的讨论,预测术中可能出现的相关意外及手术风险,制定周密的预防救治方案,并在术前先给予控制血压、血糖,积极抗感染,使患者的生命体征平稳,最大限度内降低术中术后的风险。3月28日在麻醉科王飞主治医师和心内科及心导管室的大力协助下,血管外科黎洪浩主任和罗定远医师默契配合,面对术中患者巨大腹主动脉瘤壁严重钙化、双髂外动脉严重扭曲、左侧髂总动脉动脉瘤伴大量附壁血栓形成至管腔几乎完全闭塞等难题,沉着应对,凭借对此项技术多年积累的临床经验将其一一化解。短短两小时后,手术顺利完成。术后患者生命体征平稳,第1天开始进食,第3天开始下床活动,1周即出院。

  据黎主任介绍,腹主动脉瘤是腹主动脉壁的瘤样扩张,可逐渐增大,最后破裂出血,导致病人死亡。好发于60岁以上的老年人,常伴有高血压病、心脏病或糖尿病,但年轻人也偶尔可见。男性多于女性。其主要与高血压动脉硬化有关,其它少见原因是主动脉先天发育不良、梅毒、创伤、感染、大动脉炎、Marfan综合征等。这类患者多以腹部搏动性肿物就诊,常伴有腹痛、腹胀、便秘等症状,腹部体检、彩超可明确诊断。

  黎主任说,在治疗腹主动脉瘤方面,分为肾上型和肾下型两种。肾上型腹主动脉瘤主要依靠开放式手术治疗或介入治疗(首先开放选择性实施肾动脉、腹腔干、肠系膜上动脉等内脏动脉重建,然后实施覆膜支架封闭腹主动脉瘤)。对于部分肾下型,可考虑直接实施覆膜支架腔内隔绝腹主动脉瘤。其中,与开放式手术比较,介入治疗腹主动脉瘤有其明显的优势,如术中仅需在腹股沟切开约4cm小口置入支架、手术时间短、出血少,术后并发症少、恢复快、住院时间短。

  黎主任最后提醒,若行手术或介入治疗,术前一定要行全腹部及双下肢动脉CTA,此时除了明确诊断外,主要是明确腹主动脉瘤累及的动脉、瘤体的直径长度、瘤颈直径长短、钙化程度、瘤颈的扭曲程度、导入动脉的直径等。腔内隔绝术治疗腹主动脉瘤属于微创手术,但并不是所有的腹主动脉瘤都适用腔内治疗,其禁忌症为:瘤颈<1.5cm、瘤颈成角>60°、瘤颈钙化程度>90%、股动脉直径<5mm等,但随着新技术的发展,短瘤颈、累及内脏动脉的腹主动脉瘤可采用杂交手术、“烟囱技术”加以解决。



    

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