Clin Gastroenterology H:低脂肪高纤维饮食可减少溃疡性结肠炎患者的肠道炎症

2021-06-13 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

在美国,溃疡性结肠炎 (UC) 的发病率正在逐年增加。目前的治疗方案依赖于安全但昂贵的美沙拉嗪和免疫抑制疗法,但这可能会导致机体感染和血液系统恶性肿瘤的出现。

       在美国,溃疡性结肠炎 (UC) 的发病率正在逐年增加。目前的治疗方案依赖于安全但昂贵的美沙拉嗪和免疫抑制疗法,但这可能会导致机体感染和血液系统恶性肿瘤的风险增加。因此,许多患者需要非药物方法来管理他们的疾病。有 80% 到 89% 的患者希望他们的医生提供饮食建议。流行病学研究发现,高脂肪饮食和大量摄入肉类与 UC 风险增加有关。为了探究脂肪含量是否影响 UC 的临床和生化参数,本项研究开始对低脂肪、高纤维饮食 (LFD) 与改进的标准美国饮食 (iSAD,其中包括更多水果) 对UC的疾病影响进行全面的探索性研究。

 

       本项研究纳入了2015年2月25日至 2018年9月11日间共17 名处于缓解期或轻度疾病活动期的UC 患者进行平行组交叉研究。参与者被分配随机分为 2 组,在前 4 周期间接受 LFD饮食(10% 的卡路里来自脂肪)或 iSAD饮食(35%–40% 来自脂肪的卡路里),然后是 2 周的洗脱期,然后切换其他饮食 4 周。在基线和每种饮食的第 4 周收集患者血清和粪便样本,并分析炎症标志物水平。主要观察结果是生活质量,这是在饮食的基线和第 4 周通过简短的炎症性肠病 (IBD) 问卷测量的。次要结果包括 Short-Form 36 健康调查表评分、部分 Mayo 评分、炎症标志物、微生物组和代谢组分析以及对饮食的依从性。

 

      在整个研究期间,所有患者都保持UC的病情缓解。与基线相比,iSAD和LFD均提高了患者的生活质量,LFD后血清淀粉样蛋白A从基线时的7.99 mg/L下降至4.50 mg/L(P=0.02)。LFD后血清C反应蛋白水平从基线水平的3.23 mg/L下降到2.51 mg/L(P=0.07)。粪便样本中放线菌的相对丰度从基线的13.69%下降到7.82%(P=0.017),而拟杆菌的相对丰度从基线的14.6%上升到24.02%(P=0.015)。4周后,LFD组的粪杆菌相对丰度(7.20%)高于iSAD组(5.37%,P=0.04)。粪便中醋酸盐(一种消炎代谢物)的相对丰度从基线时的40.37增加到iSAD时的42.52(P=0.09)。粪便中色氨酸的相对丰度从基线时的1.33降低到1.08(P=0.43),但在LFD组的相对丰度增加到2.27(P=0.04)。

图:UC患者不同饮食模式对于炎症的影响

      本项研究证实LFD或iSAD饮食均能很好地提高UC患者的生活质量。然而,LFD饮食可以减少粪便样本中的炎症标志物和肠道失调的程度。因此,饮食干预可能有利于缓解期UC患者的长期维持。

 

 

原始出处:

Julia Fritsch. Et al. Low-Fat, High-Fiber Diet Reduces Markers of Inflammation and Dysbiosis and Improves Quality of Life in Patients With Ulcerative Colitis.Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology.2021.

 

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    2021-06-14 nymo
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    2022-02-08 许安
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    2021-06-14 ms9000000883963153

    十分有帮助

    0

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