DIEP皮瓣内部血管解剖学新发现!这种术式可以为肥胖患者安全地重建乳房

2021-12-06 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

对于超重、肥胖人群来说,以腹部皮瓣为基础的乳房重建相对比较困难。

对于超重、肥胖人群来说,以腹部皮瓣为基础的乳房重建相对比较困难。

这不仅是因为供体部位并发症增加,而且因为皮瓣厚度过大会使所重建的乳房变得笨重,这通常会导致美学上的不良结果,需要变薄和重塑。

图1 文章来源

因此,研究者研究了一种安全的皮瓣削薄方法,使肥胖人群从中获益。

研究者首先用血管造影计算机断层扫描研究了10个腹壁下深动脉穿支皮瓣。然后他们采用表面减薄技术(依靠恒定的筋膜上血管作为剩余深层脂肪的蒂)进行了21次乳房重建手术,并将并发症的发生率与他们以前使用传统皮瓣减薄技术的经验进行了比较。

研究显示,所有样本均用主穿孔器分离筋膜,并确定了两个恒定的分支。其中一个在瘢痕筋膜上,显示了一个连接血管与皮下和真皮下神经丛的强大网络。

图2 DIEP皮瓣穿支的三维CT血管造影。除了皮下神经丛中强健的血管网络外,还可以看到两个皮瓣内分支(筋膜上和真皮下神经丛分支)。

这一解剖学见解被用于开发一种皮瓣减薄技术,并在21名高体重指数患者身上进行了测试。

7年回顾性分析(n=164)显示,体重指数与并发症发生率之间无显著相关性,但与体重指数增加相关的长期“乳房上极台阶畸形”并发症除外(p=0.001)。

表1实验组出现皮瓣并发症

表2采用深度和浅层减薄技术对高体重指数患者并发症和台阶畸形发展的对比分析

回顾性研究组(n=72)的高体重指数患者与浅表减薄组相比,在并发症方面没有发现统计学上的显著差异,但存在高度提示性差异(p=0.061)。

早已有很多研究描述了DIEA皮瓣的解剖学特点;然而,关于DIEP皮瓣内部血管解剖的信息很少。

该研究发现了两条恒定的皮瓣内穿支动脉分支。并由此改良了DIEP皮瓣乳房重建术式。

DIEP皮瓣脱脂可通过上极深度切除保留真皮下神经丛(真皮下支)和深部脂肪切除,或在保留瘢痕筋膜和深部脂肪(筋膜上支)的同时切除皮肤和浅部脂肪。这两种选择似乎都是安全的,因为它们都至少保留了一个皮瓣内分支。

但是,在高体重指数患者中,通过浅表脂肪切除技术更容易获得较美观的乳房轮廓。恒定筋膜上穿支的存在使超筋膜上穿支减薄术成为一种安全的技术,有助于改善肥胖患者重建的乳房轮廓。

这种技术可能会损害皮瓣静脉引流,因为浅静脉与丢弃的组织一起被切除,但该研究表明,由筋膜上支及其伴随的静脉系统提供的强大血管网络足以引流脂肪皮瓣。尽管我们的样本不足以无可辩驳地做出这一陈述,

但比较复杂度分析中,所有p>0.4的值都不太可能导致统计II型错误。

除此以外,这种术式可以减少术后脂肪移植的需求。虽然脂肪移植是改善自体乳房重建后乳房轮廓的有效策略,但表面变薄可能会减少脂肪移植的需求,从而降低患者行乳房重建的情感和经济总成本。

 

原始来源:

De la Parra-Marquez Miguel,Fernandez-Riera Ricardo,Romay-Chambers Elizabeth et al. Superficial Thinning of the DIEP Flap: A Safe Option to Achieve an Aesthetic Reconstructed Breast in the Obese Patient.[J] .Plast Reconstr Surg, 2021, 148: 715e-719e.

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    2021-12-08 sunylz
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    2021-12-08 lg.zhao
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    2021-12-07 不能空腹吃早餐

    学习了

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