整形医生注意了!虽然整形手术效果良好,但为什么患者仍不满意不快乐?

2021-12-19 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

不良的童年经历很常见,容易影响到成年后的心理状态,还会导致身体羞耻感。

不良的童年经历很常见,容易影响到成年后的心理状态,还会导致身体羞耻感。

作者报告了整形外科人群中不良童年经历的发生率,并调查了不良童年经历与身体羞耻感和术后不满之间的关系。

图1

该研究共纳入218名患者(86%为美容整形患者,14%为再造患者),分为5组,分别是重建(面部恶性肿瘤重建、手部手术)、非鼻整形美容术(整容、眼睑成形术)、一期鼻成形术、畸形鼻翻修术和正常鼻翻修术组,并收集了不良童年经历调查和羞耻感体验量表结果。

表1不良儿童经历研究

结果显示,这些患者并不属于弱势群体,大多数人都是已婚、有工作和受过大学教育的。

与Nashua疾病控制和预防中心的医疗人群相比,患者总体不良儿童经历发生率较高(79.8%对64%),其中包括情感虐待(41%对11%)、情感忽视(38%对15%),家庭药物滥用(36%对27%)和家庭精神疾病(29%对19%,均p<0.001)。

翻修鼻整形术患者与其他患者组相比差异最大:81%至85%的患者至少有一个不良童年经历(中位数,3至3.5),这些患者更多处于单身状态(55%对23%),并且在年轻时做了更多的鼻整形和其他整容手术。65%至76%的人更可能表现出身体羞耻感,2至5倍的人更可能抱怨过度疼痛,4至10倍的人更可能要求额外的止痛药。其中还有54%的人希望再做一次手术。

表2 研究参与者的人口统计数据

52%的患者有身体羞耻感。不良童年经历得分也可以预测身体羞耻感(OR,1.22;p=0.003),而。身体羞耻感可以预测手术翻修的请求(49%对17%;OR,4.61;均p≤ 0.0001).

与无症状的患者相比,身体羞耻感与更多的不良童年经历(85%对72%)、更高的中位不良童年经历得分(3.5分对2分)、更多的美容手术(3分对0分)、更多的健康问题(3分对2分)、更高的抗抑郁药使用率(39%对19%),药物滥用(16%对5%)以及对额外止痛药的需求(18%对5%)有关。

不良的童年经历在该研究团队整形手术患者中很常见,其中情绪虐待最普遍,被广泛认为是最具破坏性的类型。

不良童年经历分数预测身体羞耻感,身体羞耻感预测修改请求。如果身体羞耻感先于手术并推动手术,则可能会提出修复请求。希望修复的患者具有可识别的特征。

患者满意度中最大的差距是手术差距。 外科医生可以提供一个关于病人特征和行为的独特视角,从而阐明那些影响身体形象、慢性疼痛、止痛药使用、术后满意度和以及对手术上瘾的病人(坚持而不适当评估后果或测量风险的人)的因素。个体以不同的方式进行药物治疗、躯体化或显示其无价值感。

图2示意图假设了许多成瘾和自残行为的共同创伤根源。在文献中,每个分支都与儿童虐待或忽视的历史相关,这些虐待或忽视表现为不同的躯体或自我药物成瘾或有害行为。身体变形障碍和强迫性整形手术有着相似的特征,并被推测和其他疾病有关。

这项研究数据表明,术后不满意的种子在早期就已埋下,因此,一些不快乐的病人所具有的周围和家族特征的组合是在手术欲望之前,而不是之后。 术后不满意成为耻辱的一种表现,而不是它的起源。因此,对身体感到羞耻的病人的手术不快乐将不再反映出一种术后现象,而是术前由与手术技术方面无关的动机所驱动,这就是为什么即使是成功的手术也经常失败。

如果进一步的研究支持这项的发现,羞耻感驱动的手术成瘾可能成为身体变形障碍和其他地方已经记录的许多创伤相关疾病的主要影响因素,这取决于特定患者如何表现或治疗不良童年经历的疼痛。如果是这样,这一知识将使患者选择更安全,术后满意度更可预测。

与主流文献相比,这项研究最显著的观察结果是身体羞耻感,而不是畸形大小,是术后不满意的最强预测因子(即,不是畸形的存在,而是其对患者的重要性)。

因此,当前的精神障碍诊断和统计手册,第五版,身体畸形障碍的标准并没有定义整形外科医生看到的最麻烦的病人。

如果感知到的畸形不是最重要的,我们的数据表明,身体羞耻感可能是一个连续统一体,根据临床医生的角度,从居家、妄想、心理健康的患者到长期不满意的外科患者,表现各不相同。

整形医生在问诊时,如果能注意到以上因素,或许能筛选出当下状态并不适合行整形手术的患者,进而规避不必要的纷争。

原始文章:

Constantian Mark B,Zaborek Nick,The Prevalence of Adverse Childhood Experiences, Body Shame, and Revision Request Rate in 218 Plastic Surgery Patients: What Drives Postoperative Dissatisfaction?[J] .Plast Reconstr Surg, 2021, undefined: undefined.

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    2021-12-25 小松松

    厉害了

    0

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    2021-12-20 yangchou

    整形美容业必须严格医疗行为和相关法规加以规范。

    0

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    2021-12-20 14819a62m63暂无昵称

    学习了

    0

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    2021-12-19 ms9000002044588709

    不错

    0

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    2021-12-19 ms1000001993055913

    学习

    0

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    2021-12-19 ms8000001912045879

    👍

    0

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    2021-12-19 ms2000000330848890

    整形外科人群中不良童年经历的发生率,并调查了不良童年经历与身体羞耻感和术后不满之间的关系。

    0

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    2021-12-19 1313195bm54暂无昵称

    人生的经历决定心态

    0

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