Lancet Infect Dis:多黏菌素+美罗培南能改善革兰阴性菌引起的严重感染吗?

2018-04-20 吴星 环球医学

2018年4月,发表于《Lancet Infect Dis》上的一项开放标签、随机临床试验,考察了治疗碳青霉烯类耐药的革兰阴性菌引起的严重感染:多黏菌素vs多黏菌素+美罗培南。

2018年4月,发表于《Lancet Infect Dis》上的一项开放标签、随机临床试验,考察了治疗碳青霉烯类耐药的革兰阴性菌引起的严重感染:多黏菌素vs多黏菌素+美罗培南。

背景:多黏菌素-碳青霉烯类的组合在体外显示出对碳青霉烯类耐药的革兰氏阴性菌的协同作用。研究者旨在检测联合治疗是否会改善碳青霉烯类耐药或产碳青霉烯类革兰氏阴性菌造成的感染的成年患者的临床结局。

方法:在以色列、希腊和意大利的6家医院进行了一项随机对照优越性试验。患者的入组标准为菌血症、呼吸机相关肺炎、医院获得性肺炎或碳青霉烯类不敏感的革兰氏阴性菌造成的尿脓毒症。通过电脑产生的置换区组,并根据中心进行分层,将患者按照1:1的比例集中随机分配到静脉多黏菌素(900万单位负荷剂量,然后是450万单位每天两次)或多黏菌素+美罗培南(2g延长输注,每天3次)的组中。试验是开放标签的,结局评估盲。治疗成功的定义为生存、血流动力学稳定、序贯器官衰竭评估评分改善或稳定、肺炎患者动脉血氧分压与呼气氧分率之比稳定或改善、菌血症患者微生物学治愈。主要结局为临床失败,定义为意愿治疗分析中,随机分组后的14天未符合所有成功标准。

结果:2013年10月1日~2016年12月31日,研究者将406例患者随机分配到两个治疗组。多数患者患有肺炎或菌血症(355/406;87%),多数感染由鲍曼不动杆菌造成(312/406;77%)。多黏菌素单一治疗(156/198;79%)和联合治疗(152/208;73%)在随机分组后14天时的临床失败上无显着性差异(风险差,-5.7%;95% CI,-13.9~2.4;RR,0.93;95% CI,0.83~1.03)。鲍曼不动杆菌感染的患者中,结果相似(RR,0.97;95% CI,0.87~1.09)。联合治疗会增加腹泻发生率(56(27%)vs 32(16%)),降低轻度肾衰发生率(处于或具有肾损伤风险的患者:37/124(30%)vs 25/125(20%))。

结论:联合治疗不优于单一治疗。美罗培南联合多黏菌素中未改善重症鲍曼不动杆菌感染患者的临床治疗失败率。该试验特异性解决其他细菌的效力不足。

原始出处:

Paul M, Daikos GL, Durante-Mangoni E, et al. Colistin alone versus colistin plus meropenem for treatment of severe infections caused by carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria: an open-label, randomised controlled trial. Lancet Infect Dis. 2018 Apr;18(4):391-400. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(18)30099-9. Epub 2018 Feb 16.

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    2018-09-06 howi
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