Opdivo+Yervoy二线治疗肝细胞癌被FDA批准

2020-03-16 MedSci MedSci原创

3月11日,百时美施贵宝宣布FDA批准Opdivo(1mg/kg)+Yervoy(3mg/kg)用于治疗既往接受过索拉非尼治疗的肝细胞癌(HCC)患者。

3月11日,百时美施贵宝宣布FDA批准Opdivo(1mg/kg)+Yervoy(3mg/kg)用于治疗既往接受过索拉非尼治疗的肝细胞癌(HCC)患者。

FDA此项加速批准主要基于I/II期CheckMate -040研究的客观应答率(ORR)和应答持续时间(DoR)数据。CheckMate -040研究是一项开放标签、单臂试验,纳入了索拉非尼不耐受或者治疗后进展的肝细胞癌患者(不区分PD-L1表达水平),给予Opdivo + Yervoy治疗,每3周1次为1个疗程。共49例患者完成4个疗程Opdivo + Yervoy治疗,之后给予每2周1次Opdivo 240 mg,直至疾病进展或出现不可耐受毒性。主要疗法终点是ORR和DoR。

基于I/II期CheckMate-040研究中Opdivo+Yervoy治疗先前接受过索拉非尼的晚期HCC患者队列的数据。该队列中,共有49例患者接受了Opdivo 1mg/kg和Yervoy 3mg/kg组合方案(O1Y3)每3周一次(Q3W)治疗4个周期,之后接受每2周一次(Q2W)Opdivo 240mg,直至疾病进展。
 
研究数据已在2019年美国临床肿瘤学会(ASCO)年会上发表。结果显示,最小随访28个月,接受O1Y3组合方案治疗的患者:(1)客观缓解率(ORR)为31%(16/49;95%CI:20-48),其中完全缓解率(CR)为8%(4/49)、部分缓解率(PR)为24%(12/49);(2)中位缓解持续时间(DoR)为17.5个月(范围:4.6至30.5+),病情缓解的患者中,88%的患者缓解持续时间≥6个月、56%≥12个月、31%≥24个月。
 
上述结果采用实体瘤疗效评价标准1.1版(RECIST v1.1),通过盲法独立中央审查(BICR)评估确认。当采用改良RECIST,通过BICR评估确认的ORR为35%(17/49,95%CI:22-50)、CR为12%(6/49)、PR为22%(11/49)。研究中,Opdivo+Yervoy组合表现出可接受的安全性,未产生新的安全信号。

安全性方面,Opdivo + Yervoy治疗的严重不良事件总体发生率为59%。发生率高于4%的严重不良事件包括发热、腹泄、贫血、AST升高、肾上腺功能减退、腹腔积水、食管静脉曲张出血、低钠血症、肺炎等。高于20%的最常见的不良事件包括皮疹 (53%), 瘙痒 (53%), 骨骼肌痛 (41%), 腹泻 (39%),咳嗽 (37%), 食欲减退 (35%), 疲劳 (27%), 发热 (27%), 腹痛(22%), headache (22%), 恶心 (20%), 头晕 (20%), 甲状腺功能减退 (20%), 体重减轻 (20%)。

Opdivo 和Yervoy是针对两个不同免疫检查点PD-1和CTLA-4的抑制剂。CTLA-4位于T细胞表面,当T细胞被过度活化时,CTLA-4与CD28竞争性结合抗原提呈细胞的B7,使得T细胞活跃程度降低,无法杀伤癌细胞;同时,T细胞过于活化时,会产生PD-1,PD-1与癌细胞的PD-L1结合后,抑制T细胞活跃,使癌细胞得以繁荣生长。CTLA-4与PD-1抗体,一个给予抗原提呈细胞信号以激活T细胞,一个避免T细胞与癌细胞过度接触以不受癌细胞蒙蔽,从而达到对肿瘤细胞的杀伤作用。联合使用PD-1和CTLA-4抑制剂具有机制上的协同互补作用,Opdivo + Yervoy是FDA目前批准的唯一一个双重免疫疗法。

此前,Opdivo和Keytruda在2017年和2018年先后获批单药二线治疗接受过索拉非尼的肝细胞癌患者。恒瑞卡瑞利珠单抗则在今年的3月4日刚刚获批二线治疗接受过索拉非尼治疗和/或含奥沙利铂系统化疗的晚期肝细胞癌患者。罗氏则在1月28日宣布完成向FDA提交Tecentriq(阿替利珠单抗)+Avastin(贝伐珠单抗)用于未接受过系统治疗的不可手术切除肝细胞癌的补充生物制品许可申请(sBLA)。

Opdivo+Yervoy是美国FDA批准的唯一一种双重免疫疗法,该疗法具有潜在的协同作用机制,针对2个不同的免疫检查点(PD-1和CTLA-4),兵役互补的方式发挥作用。截至目前,Opdivo+Yervoy组合已获FDA批准用于治疗4种类型的癌症(黑色素瘤、肾细胞癌、结直肠癌、肝细胞癌)。

checkmate9DW试验:O+Y对比索尼菲尼或仑伐替尼一线治疗晚期肝癌

除此之外,O+Y在肝癌的免疫治疗探索并不止步于此,在二线创下高疗效后,双免方案又继续挑战晚期肝癌的一线。目前checkmate9DW研究正在开展中。

PD-1单抗与CTLA-4单抗的联合并不是简单的1+1,在理论上,两种药物可以相互配合协调,联合使用更有力地削弱了肿瘤的免疫逃逸能力,促进免疫系统对肿瘤细胞的杀伤。

原文出处:U.S. Food and Drug Administration Approves Opdivo® (nivolumab) + Yervoy® (ipilimumab) for Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) Previously Treated with Sorafenib

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    2020-08-15 xjy02
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    2020-03-18 119337457
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