Aging Cell:维生素D受体激活可能会增加阿尔茨海默病风险

2021-11-03 haibei MedSci原创

VDR水平的异常增加被发现与Aβ斑块、胶质增生和自噬体共同定位,暗示VDR在AD发病机制中的非基因组激活。

随着世界人口的老龄化,痴呆症的发病率越来越高。阿尔茨海默病(AD)占所有痴呆症病例的60%-80%,但目前还没有发现可以预防或减慢这种疾病进展的疗法。许多流行病学研究表明,维生素D的缺乏与AD和其他痴呆症有关。然而,与维生素D相关的AD的发病机制仍不清楚。维生素D除了对矿物质和骨骼平衡有众所周知的贡献外,还对发育中的大脑产生神经营养或神经保护作用。

然而,维生素D不是一种维生素,而是一种类固醇激素。像其他类固醇激素一样,维生素D可能引发基因组和非基因组的细胞反应。维生素D的基因组作用是通过与维生素D受体(VDR)结合启动的。更具体地说,维生素D的代谢物1α,25-二羟基维生素D3(或钙三醇)可以与VDR结合。与配体结合的VDR更倾向于与视黄醇X受体(RXR)二聚,以对靶标基因进行转录调节,例如,CYP24A1,一种关键的维生素D分解酶。

目前,已经有很多证据表明维生素D在大脑中发挥基因组作用,VDR已被发现在介导大脑发育和功能的主要脑细胞类型中广泛表达。

同时,维生素D也在大脑中发挥非基因组作用。VDR的非基因组作用是对细胞刺激的快速质膜反应,但似乎不需要VDR-RXR相互作用VDR还参与异物代谢,与维生素D结合无关。众所周知,可溶性毒性Aβ原纤维会导致AD的神经变性。然而,非基因组的VDR途径是否在AD中发挥作用仍不清楚。到目前为止,大多数研究都集中在调查VDR的遗传变异与AD风险的关系。有一些常见的VDR基因多态性与AD的发病率有关。

最近,研究人员利用死后的人脑、APP/PS1小鼠和细胞培养物调查了VDR在AD中的作用。耐人寻味的是,尽管维生素D在AD患者和小鼠中减少,但海马VDR水平却反过来增加VDR水平的异常增加被发现与Aβ斑块、胶质增生和自噬体共同定位,暗示VDR在AD发病机制中的非基因组激活

Aβ42破坏了基因组的VDR/RXR复合物,并诱导形成VDR/p53非基因组复合物。

此外,机制研究显示,Aβ在没有其典型配体维生素D的情况下上调了VDR,并将其异构体结合伙伴从RXR换成了p53。VDR/p53复合物主要定位在细胞膜上,增加了神经元自噬和凋亡。通过化学方法抑制p53, 使VDR转回RXR,逆转了AD小鼠的淀粉样变和认知障碍。

这些结果表明,VDR与p53的非基因组重合是AD进展的关键,因此VDR/p53途径可能是治疗AD患者的目标。

 

原始出处:

Rai-Hua Lai et al. Non-genomic rewiring of vitamin D receptor to p53 as a key to Alzheimer's disease. Aging Cell (2021). 

 

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    2021-12-14 维他命
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Translational Neurodegeneration:复方代谢激活剂可用于治疗AD

阿尔茨海默病(AD)与神经退行性变关键因素相关的代谢异常有关。阿尔茨海默病的特征是进行性突触和轴突功能障碍、神经元丢失和认知能力下降。越来越多的证据表明,AD与代谢异常和氧化应激密切相关,氧化应激与神

Annals of neurology:人类血液代谢组与阿尔茨海默病风险之间的关系

谷氨酰胺可能是预防和治疗AD的一个有希望的目标

Alzheimer's & Dementia:结合血浆生物标志物的临床预测模型性能最佳

结合血浆生物标志物(尤其是p-tau217)的临床预测模型表现出较高的性能,且不受随机误差的影响。

睡眠是否影响认知功能

通过可穿戴设备记录家庭睡眠,提供睡眠表型的深度表征,可能有助于在正确的时间针对正确的患者进行靶向治疗。

Nat Aging:APOE等位基因在老年痴呆患者中左右神经炎症状态

研究人员通过研究APOE等位基因对没有神经淀粉样斑块的老年对照大脑的胶质转录组的影响,测试了APOE等位基因对胶质反应有不同影响的假设。

Nat Aging:APOE ε4竟然可以正面影响老年人视觉工作记忆能力

最近,在1946年同一周内出生的人群中(评估年龄为69-71岁),研究人员评估了APOE ε4和β-淀粉样蛋白病理对视觉工作记忆(物体-位置结合)的不同影响。

老年痴呆患者基于社区支持的居家照护中国专家建议

老年痴呆患者居家照护中国专家共识编写组 · 2023-03-30

痴呆诊断中PET临床合理化应用中国专家共识(2021版)

中国微循环学会神经变性病专业委员会 · 2021-11-25

2020 加拿大共识:痴呆早期非认知标志物建议

国外神经内科相关专家小组(统称) · 2020-10-17