Science子刊:高脂肪食物易发胖?或与一种激素有关

2016-10-28 生物探索 生物探索

脂肪特别是内脏周围白色脂肪的过度堆积,会严重威胁身体健康。近期,来自于斯坦福医学院的研究团队最新发现,调控脂肪干细胞向脂肪细胞分化的关键“开关”是一种激素——Adamts1。Adamts1激素含量上调,会抑制脂肪干细胞分化成脂肪细胞,从而降低脂肪量。

脂肪特别是内脏周围白色脂肪的过度堆积,会严重威胁身体健康。近期,来自于斯坦福医学院的研究团队最新发现,调控脂肪干细胞向脂肪细胞分化的关键“开关”是一种激素——Adamts1。Adamts1激素含量上调,会抑制脂肪干细胞分化成脂肪细胞,从而降低脂肪量。值得注意的是,高脂肪饮食以及糖皮质激素类药物会抑制Adamts1激素的表达量。这意味着,Adamts1激素可以作为预防肥胖的候选因子。



Brian Feldman教授

10月25日,《Science Signaling》期刊最新发表一篇文章揭示了一种调控脂肪干细胞分化成脂肪细胞的关键“开关”——Adamts1激素。Adamts1的高表达会抑制脂肪干细胞的分化,从而降低脂肪的存储量。但是,高脂肪饮食以及糖皮质激素类药物会下调Adamts1激素的分泌,从而促进干细胞分化,最终导致脂肪的增加。

团队负责人、儿科助理教授Brian Feldman博士表示,这一发现有助于解析高脂肪饮食、压力和某些类固醇药物导致肥胖的具体机理。

控制脂肪干细胞分化的关键“开关”:Adamts1激素

通常,吃得越多越容易发胖。伴随着食物的摄取,体内脂肪开始堆积。脂肪组织由许多成熟的脂肪细胞和少量干细胞组成。这些脂肪前体细胞会在某种信号刺激下,分化形成更多的脂肪细胞。但是迄今为止,科学家尚未找到打开这一分化过程的“驱动力”。

Feldman团队以小鼠的脂肪组织为材料,发现成熟的脂肪细胞会正常分泌Adamts1激素。但是当给小鼠服用糖皮质激素类药物后,Adamts1激素的含量会下降。值得注意的是,包括强的松(prednisone)、地塞米松(dexamethasone)等在内的糖皮质激素类药物都伴随着严重的副作用,易引发肥胖和糖尿病。

为了弄清楚Adamts1激素的功能以及工作机理,研究人员对培养皿中培养的脂肪细胞及其前体细胞进行了一系列试验,并在小鼠和人体模型上进行了验证。

他们构建了Adamts1激素表达高于正常水平的突变小鼠,结果显示它们体内的脂肪存储量比野生小鼠的脂肪存储要小,其中成熟的脂肪细胞数量也相对较少。向脂肪干细胞添加提纯的Adamts1激素后,Adamts1能够阻止糖皮质诱导的脂肪干细胞分化过程。

这些结果意味着,Adamts1激素发挥着胞外信号的作用,控制着脂肪干细胞的分化过程。

一旦Adamts1激素“遇到”脂肪干细胞,激素信号会传递至胞内,与糖皮质激素反应通路“重叠”。而且多效生长因子(pleiotrophin)在这一通路中发挥重要作用:抑制多效生长因子会阻断脂肪干细胞对Adamts1激素的响应。

除了体外试验,研究人员分别以健康小鼠和人作为受试对象,通过摄取高脂肪食物检测这些食物对Adamts1信号的影响。

结果显示,实验小鼠变胖了,其体内脂肪组织充满着新成熟的脂肪细胞,分布于内脏器官周围。在这些脂肪组织中,Adamts1激素的表达量下降。在皮下脂肪组织中,Adamts1激素的表达量却上调,成熟的脂肪细胞数量下降。

这些研究成果与早期的结论一致:摄取高脂肪饮食会增加内脏脂肪细胞的形成和堆积。而且,作为控制脂肪干细胞分化的“开关”,Adamts1激素是监管脂肪干细胞和脂肪细胞平衡的关键分子。

如果阻止脂肪的形成,多余的卡路里会转移至身体的其他部位(例如肝脏、肌肉),从而增加机体新陈代谢的负担。所以,Feldman希望基于这一最新发现找到新的治疗方法,而不是仅仅简单阻断脂肪的生成。

当然,现有研究并不排除还存在其他未知的调控分子。但是,研究人员表示,Adamts1激素很可能占主导地位,是最重要的成员。

原始出处:

[1] Hormone that controls maturation of fat cells discovered.Science Daily.October 26, 2016.

[2] Janica C. Wong,et al. A glucocorticoid- and diet-responsive pathway toggles adipocyte precursor cell activity in vivo. Sci.Signal.25 Oct 2016: Vol.9,Issue 451, pp.ra103  DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aag0487

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    2016-10-30 jichang
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    2016-10-30 yhy100201
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    2016-10-30 pcw111
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    2016-10-29 为你把脉

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