果糖是“健康糖”?果糖是非酒精性脂肪肝的“幕后推手”!

2020-09-24 39健康网 39健康网

在人们的印象中,果糖是一种“健康糖”,它普遍存在于水果、蜂蜜以及一些植物中,可用于替代蔗糖。由于果糖甜度比一般的糖要高,因此食物用量相对较低,可达到减少糖分和热量摄入的目的。

在人们的印象中,果糖是一种“健康糖”,它普遍存在于水果、蜂蜜以及一些植物中,可用于替代蔗糖。由于果糖甜度比一般的糖要高,因此食物用量相对较低,可达到减少糖分和热量摄入的目的。

然而,果糖真的是“健康糖”吗?不一定!近年来,国内外均有研究显示,非酒精性脂肪肝患病率的增加往往伴随着果糖消费率的增长,专家猜测果糖可促进非酒精性脂肪肝的发生和发展。

果糖为什么会引起非酒精性脂肪肝的发生?最近发表在《自然·代谢》上的一项研究给出了答案。《自然·代谢》:过量摄入果糖可促进肝脏中脂肪沉积和变形。来自美国加州大学圣地亚哥分校的研究人员利用经改造过的小鼠进行了实验,实验组小鼠摄入高果糖饮食,对照组小鼠摄入玉米淀粉饮食,摄入能量大致相同。

结果显示,实验组小鼠出现了肝脏脂肪变性和甘油三酯水平增加,而对照组却没有这种变化。在之后的半年时间里,实验组小鼠还出现了胰岛素抵抗、脂肪型肝炎、肝纤维化等病变,而到了一年后,实验组小鼠肝脏肿瘤比对照组大三倍!

除此之外,高糖饮食还会导致小鼠肠道屏障受损,从而令肠道细菌逃逸,诱发内毒素血症。在这种情况下,促炎细胞因子会诱导肝脏中的脂质合成、囤积、变性,最终导致非酒精性脂肪肝的发生。

警惕大量摄入果糖!

果糖由于价格低廉,因此被广泛应用在食品、甜品、饮品的制作中,长期大量摄入不仅会促进非酒精性脂肪肝的发展,同时还可能会诱发其他疾病。

比如,大量摄入果糖可诱发痛风。果糖被吸收后,进入细胞内会被迅速磷酸化,可耗尽细胞内磷酸盐和三磷酸腺苷,转化为单磷酸腺苷,最终代谢为导致痛风的罪魁祸首——尿酸,促进痛风的发生。

还有,大量摄入果糖还可以导致肥胖。大量摄入果糖可降低胰岛素和瘦素水平,增加饥饿素水平,让人感觉怎么也吃不饱,从而促进食物摄取,另外果糖摄入还会减慢静息状态能力代谢,更容易导致肥胖的发生。

如何控制果糖的摄入量?

2016年,WHO曾建议成人及儿童每日摄取的游离糖不应超过当天摄取全部热量的10%,所谓游离糖即食品中的添加糖以及天然存在于蜂蜜、糖浆、果汁中的糖。我国膳食指南也建议每天的糖摄入量最好控制在25g以下,最多不超过50g。

然而,市面上绝大多数的食品都含有果糖,人们通常无法很好地估算他们实际摄取了多少果糖。对此,我们能做的就是尽量少吃甜品、糕点、汤水、饮料、果汁、浓缩果汁等含糖量高的食物,烹饪食物时尽量少放糖,购买食品时多看看成分表,对于特别甜的水果,如荔枝、龙眼、柿子等,也不应多吃。

原始出处:

[1] 奇点网:《自然子刊:果糖促进粪菌入血!科学家发现,过量果糖会引起肠道屏障受损,炎症增加,促进肝脏中的脂肪沉积和变性丨科学大发现》

[2]侍洪斌,顾叶青,孟革,张卿,刘莉,牛凯军.果糖与非酒精性脂肪肝的关联性研究[J].医学综述,2017

[3]孙宇航.警惕大量摄入果糖[J].肝博士,2017

[4]李谦华,戴冽.重视痛风新的危险因素——果糖摄入过量[J].中华风湿病学杂志,2017

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    2022-03-18 喝了多少杯

    别不一定了,就是!只能肝脏代谢

    0

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    2020-09-25 Jessica

    #果糖#摄入过多对身体不利,过甜的水果也不能多吃,以后要少吃水果了,希望自己可以做到!

    0

  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1203701, encodeId=a2d11203e018a, content=别不一定了,就是!只能肝脏代谢, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=366c5447718, createdName=喝了多少杯, createdTime=Fri Mar 18 09:06:21 CST 2022, time=2022-03-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1673614, encodeId=1bd116e3614c2, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=757b954e922' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#酒精性#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=38, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=95479, encryptionId=757b954e922, topicName=酒精性)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=398f26933958, createdName=huiwelcome, createdTime=Mon Jul 05 12:15:58 CST 2021, time=2021-07-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1980562, encodeId=136d19805627e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=099f9548ed7' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#酒精性脂肪肝#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=95487, encryptionId=099f9548ed7, topicName=酒精性脂肪肝)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=26a9200, createdName=yangshch, createdTime=Tue Apr 06 05:15:58 CST 2021, time=2021-04-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1676592, encodeId=5deb16e6592ca, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=397299e19c7' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#非酒精性#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=99719, encryptionId=397299e19c7, topicName=非酒精性)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=778d36, createdName=柳叶一刀, createdTime=Thu Jul 01 14:15:58 CST 2021, time=2021-07-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=888276, encodeId=75258882e6db, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c64061e59bb' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#果糖#</a>摄入过多对身体不利,过甜的水果也不能多吃,以后要少吃水果了,希望自己可以做到!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=110, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=61759, encryptionId=c64061e59bb, topicName=果糖)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20211019/df01a4bfb64246379ddfef3370d04115/e1274c8eb5e440918f56f83bcfea9031.jpg, createdBy=3a345397082, createdName=Jessica, createdTime=Fri Sep 25 13:59:10 CST 2020, time=2020-09-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=888253, encodeId=bcda888253af, content=...痛风, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=82, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20201208/2b12108564cd4f528b86fdc17f359da9/9dbfd74f6e6341f3b2033d7d8383f74b.jpg, createdBy=366d5418345, createdName=运动康复治疗师, createdTime=Fri Sep 25 12:47:22 CST 2020, time=2020-09-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=888093, encodeId=00d788809382, content=实验组小鼠用高果糖饮食,对照组小鼠用玉米淀粉饮食,如果增加一组能量相同的蔗糖饮食进行三组比较就好了,因为个人很想知道果糖和蔗糖饮食造成的后果是否会有不同, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=91, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=bd3a2173825, createdName=1205a032m39(暂无昵称), createdTime=Thu Sep 24 22:52:42 CST 2020, time=2020-09-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=888025, encodeId=e0aa8880250e, content=那蜂蜜也不健康了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=86, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20200924/475c5e9502a04dc2895577daf47b6bb7/c6ce1cf6173344e494f67039746c7457.jpg, createdBy=e1102444144, createdName=illustrantion, createdTime=Thu Sep 24 17:53:12 CST 2020, time=2020-09-24, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2020-09-25 运动康复治疗师

    ...痛风

    0

  7. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1203701, encodeId=a2d11203e018a, content=别不一定了,就是!只能肝脏代谢, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=366c5447718, createdName=喝了多少杯, createdTime=Fri Mar 18 09:06:21 CST 2022, time=2022-03-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1673614, encodeId=1bd116e3614c2, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=757b954e922' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#酒精性#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=38, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=95479, encryptionId=757b954e922, topicName=酒精性)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=398f26933958, createdName=huiwelcome, createdTime=Mon Jul 05 12:15:58 CST 2021, time=2021-07-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1980562, encodeId=136d19805627e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=099f9548ed7' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#酒精性脂肪肝#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=95487, encryptionId=099f9548ed7, topicName=酒精性脂肪肝)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=26a9200, createdName=yangshch, createdTime=Tue Apr 06 05:15:58 CST 2021, time=2021-04-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1676592, encodeId=5deb16e6592ca, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=397299e19c7' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#非酒精性#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=99719, encryptionId=397299e19c7, topicName=非酒精性)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=778d36, createdName=柳叶一刀, createdTime=Thu Jul 01 14:15:58 CST 2021, time=2021-07-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=888276, encodeId=75258882e6db, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c64061e59bb' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#果糖#</a>摄入过多对身体不利,过甜的水果也不能多吃,以后要少吃水果了,希望自己可以做到!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=110, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=61759, encryptionId=c64061e59bb, topicName=果糖)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20211019/df01a4bfb64246379ddfef3370d04115/e1274c8eb5e440918f56f83bcfea9031.jpg, createdBy=3a345397082, createdName=Jessica, createdTime=Fri Sep 25 13:59:10 CST 2020, time=2020-09-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=888253, encodeId=bcda888253af, content=...痛风, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=82, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20201208/2b12108564cd4f528b86fdc17f359da9/9dbfd74f6e6341f3b2033d7d8383f74b.jpg, createdBy=366d5418345, createdName=运动康复治疗师, createdTime=Fri Sep 25 12:47:22 CST 2020, time=2020-09-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=888093, encodeId=00d788809382, content=实验组小鼠用高果糖饮食,对照组小鼠用玉米淀粉饮食,如果增加一组能量相同的蔗糖饮食进行三组比较就好了,因为个人很想知道果糖和蔗糖饮食造成的后果是否会有不同, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=91, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=bd3a2173825, createdName=1205a032m39(暂无昵称), createdTime=Thu Sep 24 22:52:42 CST 2020, time=2020-09-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=888025, encodeId=e0aa8880250e, content=那蜂蜜也不健康了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=86, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20200924/475c5e9502a04dc2895577daf47b6bb7/c6ce1cf6173344e494f67039746c7457.jpg, createdBy=e1102444144, createdName=illustrantion, createdTime=Thu Sep 24 17:53:12 CST 2020, time=2020-09-24, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2020-09-24 1205a032m39(暂无昵称)

    实验组小鼠用高果糖饮食,对照组小鼠用玉米淀粉饮食,如果增加一组能量相同的蔗糖饮食进行三组比较就好了,因为个人很想知道果糖和蔗糖饮食造成的后果是否会有不同

    0

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    2020-09-24 illustrantion

    那蜂蜜也不健康了

    0

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