Nature Biotechnology:发现治疗白血病的新型免疫疗法

2022-01-05 “E药世界”公众号 “E药世界”公众号

急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL),是一种起源于淋巴细胞的B系或T系细胞在骨髓内异常增生的恶性肿瘤性疾病,占儿童白血病的70%以上,占成人白血病的20%左右。

急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL),是一种起源于淋巴细胞的B系或T系细胞在骨髓内异常增生的恶性肿瘤性疾病,占儿童白血病的70%以上,占成人白血病的20%左右。

急性淋巴细胞白血病通常使用化疗来治疗,在严重的情况下,需要进行骨髓移植,或进行免疫疗法治疗,包括CAR-T细胞治疗,但CAR-T细胞治疗仅对其中的B细胞白血病有效,对T细胞白血病则无能为力,而T细胞白血病占急性淋巴细胞白血病的15-20%。在治疗过程中也存在着副作用,因为健康的B细胞也会受到影响。

2021年12月7日,瑞典奥斯陆大学和卡罗林斯卡学院的研究人员在 Nature Biotechnology 期刊发表了题为:T cells targeted to TdT kill leukemic lymphoblasts while sparing normal lymphocytes 的研究论文。

该研究开发一种新的T细胞免疫疗法,该疗法通过靶向只在T细胞和B细胞白血病细胞中靶点,而不在正常T细胞和B细胞中表达的末端脱氧核苷酸转移酶(TdT),在清除T细胞和B细胞白血病细胞的同时,保留正常T细胞和B细胞。为那些没有替代疗法的急性淋巴细胞白血病患者带来了新的希望。

目前,研究团队正在开始启动临床试验,并计划将该疗法在更多癌症类型中进行测试。

在这项研究中,研究团队发现了一种新的重编程T细胞的方法,使它们与癌细胞内部表达的靶标结合,而这种靶标不存在于正常细胞中。

这种新的免疫疗法专注于末端脱氧核苷酸转移酶(TdT),该酶在T细胞和B细胞白血病中均有表达,但仅在健康T细胞和B细胞的早期发育过程中短暂表达。这意味着,靶向TdT可以在消除T细胞和B细胞白血病细胞的同时保留正常的T细胞和B细胞。

奥斯陆大学的 Johanna Olweus 开发了这种免疫疗法,研究团队在B细胞白血病小鼠模型、人源B细胞白血病小鼠模型和人源T细胞白血病小鼠模型进行了实验。

试验结果表明,携带了末端脱氧核苷酸转移酶(TdT)特异性受体的T细胞能够发现并清除这些白血病小鼠模型不同器官中的白血病细胞,且安全性良好,没有发现对健康的B细胞和T细胞以及新生血细胞的不良影响。这进一步证实了该疗法的安全性。

鉴于良好的临床前研究结果,研究团队目前正在计划进行一项临床试验,在缺乏治疗手段的急性淋巴细胞白血病患者身上测试该疗法。此外,研究团队表示,还将进行更多实验,验证该疗法对其他癌症类型的效果。

 

原始出处:

Ali, M., Giannakopoulou, E., Li, Y. et al. T cells targeted to TdT kill leukemic lymphoblasts while sparing normal lymphocytes. Nat Biotechnol (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41587-021-01089-x.

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    2022-03-11 sunylz
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    2022-05-02 cathymary
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    2022-05-13 shock_melon
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    2022-08-06 liye789132251

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