Nat Med:异源ChAdOx1 nCoV-19/mRNA疫苗的免疫原性和反应原性 

2021-07-27 haibei MedSci原创

研究人员前瞻性地招募了三组个体,研究异源载体/mRNA疫苗强化方案与标准同源方案的免疫原性和反应原性。

在目前授权的COVID-19疫苗中,以ChAdOx1 nCoV-19腺病毒为基础的载体疫苗(ChAdOx1)和两种mRNA疫苗(BNT162b2和mRNA-1273)应用最为广泛。这两种类型的疫苗都具有免疫原性,在预防COVID-19疾病方面显示出显著的功效。

2021年3月,由于发生了威胁生命的脑静脉血栓和血小板减少症(主要是在年轻女性中发生),德国暂时停止了ChAdOx1疫苗的使用。这导致了对所有接受过第一剂疫苗的人进行二次接种的修订建议:建议60岁以上的人完成载体疫苗的接种,而对于小于60岁的人则建议用mRNA疫苗进行异源强化,并可选择自愿继续使用同源载体方案。

目前对授权疫苗方案之间免疫原性的比较分析很少,对异源疫苗接种后的免疫力和反应原性的了解也很有限。已有的研究发现,与mRNA疫苗初次免疫比,ChAdOx1疫苗可以诱导更强的针对刺突蛋白的特异性T细胞反应,而mRNA初次免疫后的抗体反应更明显

研究人员假设,引种后疫苗类型之间的差异可能影响二次接种后的细胞和体液免疫。为此,研究人员前瞻性地招募了三组个体,研究异源载体/mRNA疫苗强化方案与标准同源方案的免疫原性和反应原性。研究人员对刺突蛋白特异性IgG水平和中和抗体活性进行了详细分析。此外,研究人员还使用流式细胞仪对刺突蛋白特异性CD4和CD8 T细胞进行了表征。初次免疫和加强剂量后第一周内的不良事件是根据标准化的调查问卷进行自我报告的。

用同源和异源底物强化方案接种后对SARS-CoV-2刺突蛋白的免疫反应

在这项观察性研究中,研究人员发现,在健康的成年个体中(n = 96),异源疫苗方案诱导了刺突蛋白特异性IgG、中和抗体和刺突蛋白特异性CD4 T细胞,其水平明显高于同源载体疫苗增强后的水平(n = 55),高于同源mRNA疫苗方案(n = 62)或与之相当

此外,异源疫苗接种后的刺突蛋白特异性CD8 T细胞水平明显高于两种同源方案后。在所有三种方案中,刺突蛋白特异性T细胞主要是多功能的,其细胞因子产生的表型基本上是重叠的。

同源载体方案和异源载体/mRNA组合的受试者都报告了初始载体疫苗接种后更大的反应原性,而异源增强的耐受性良好,并且与同源mRNA增强相当。

综上所述,异源载体/mRNA疫苗能诱导强烈的体液和细胞免疫反应,且反应原性可接受。

 

原始出处:

Tina Schmidt et al. Immunogenicity and reactogenicity of heterologous ChAdOx1 nCoV-19/mRNA vaccination. Nature Medicine (2021). 

 

 

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    2022-04-30 liye789132251
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    2021-07-27 六一4197

    #学习#学习了

    0

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