Nat Commun:控制社交距离真的可以减缓新冠传播吗?

2021-06-20 haibei MedSci原创

最近,研究人员在一项由198,077名参与者组成的美国大型前瞻性队列研究中,研究了社区层面的社会疏远措施和个人使用口罩与预测的COVID-19风险的关系。

数据统计显示,截至2021年3月14日,全球已有超过1.19亿例COVID-19病例和近260万例全球死亡病例的记录。 尽管高收入国家于2020年12月开始实施大规模疫苗接种计划,但迄今为止,全球仅接种了4.39亿剂疫苗,相当于每100人接种5.7剂。此外,低收入国家之间在疫苗分配和提供方面的不平等仍然是对全世界控制该大流行病的一个重大威胁。目前的估计表明,至少要到2023年才会有足够的疫苗剂量来覆盖全球人口。因此,在可预见的未来,非药物干预措施,包括保持社交距离和使用口罩,将继续在减轻COVID-19的风险方面发挥关键作用。

此外,即使在接种疫苗之后,仍然强烈建议保持社交距离和使用口罩,因为现有的疫苗不能完全预防感染,而且它们在预防COVID-19无症状传播中的作用也不确定。

目前,关于保持社交距离和使用口罩减轻COVID-19风险的真实世界数据的需求还没有得到满足,现有的大部分证据都是基于建模,使用的主要是社区层面的数据,与通过检测、住院或死亡率评估的疾病负担有关。这些研究无法同时考虑个人感染的风险因素,也无法最佳地评估保持社交距离和使用口罩的干预措施与感染率之间的潜伏期,因为在症状的出现、检测和医疗之间有很大的滞后性。此外,大多数具有个人层面数据的证据包括相对有限的参与者。

最近,研究人员在一项由198,077名参与者组成的美国大型前瞻性队列研究中,研究了社区层面的社会疏远措施和个人使用口罩与预测的COVID-19风险的关系。

居住在具有不同社交距离的社区中感染新冠的预测风险

结果显示,生活在社交距离最大的社区的人与生活在社交距离较差的社区的人相比,预测的COVID-19的风险要低31%。自我报告的 "总是 "使用口罩与预测的COVID-19风险降低了62%有关,此外,即使是生活在社交距离较差的社区的个人中。戴口罩也可能有效减少COVID-19的传播

因此,尽管在世界许多地方开展了大规模的疫苗接种活动,但继续努力保持社交距离和使用口罩对于减少COVID-19的传播仍然非常重要。

 

原始出处:

Sohee Kwon et al. Association of social distancing and face mask use with risk of COVID-19. Nature Communications (2021). 

 

 

 

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    2021-06-20 公卫新人

    新冠肺炎,疫情何时才能消失

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