重症社区获得性肺炎如何诊治?看2016新指南怎么说?(附指南下载)

2016-06-02 李鸿政 医学界呼吸频道

2016年版《中国成人社区获得性肺炎诊断和治疗指南》是如何指导重症社区获得性肺炎诊治的?

2016年版《中国成人社区获得性肺炎诊断和治疗指南》是如何指导重症社区获得性肺炎诊治的?

十年磨一剑!这句话用来形容2016年版《中国成人社区获得性肺炎诊断和治疗指南》的到来非常贴切。因为这距离2006年(第一部指南)已经整整十年。本指南由中华医学会呼吸病学分会感染学组牵头,临床微生物学、急诊医学、重症医学、临床药物学等相关学科专家参与制定而成。

为了更好地帮助临床医生理清CAP的诊治思路,2016年版新指南将CAP的诊治分为6个步骤:

1)判断CAP是否成立;

2)评估CAP病情的严重程度;

3)推测可能的病原体及其耐药风险;

4)合理安排病原学检查,及时启动经验性抗感染治疗;

5)动态评估经验性抗感染效果;

6)治疗后随访。

那我们如何来判断CAP病情的严重程度呢?新指南是怎么说的?

CAP病情严重程度评估,对于选择适当的治疗场所(门诊治疗、住院治疗或者入住ICU等)、经验性抗感染药物和辅助支持治疗非常重要。

一、CAP病情严重程度评估

CAP严重程度的评分系统有很多,但新指南明确提出采用CURB-65评分作为临床评估CAP病情严重的方法。建议使用CURB-65评分作为判断患者是否需要住院治疗的标准,0-1分:原则上门诊治疗即可;2分:建议住院或在严格随访下的院外治疗;3-5分:应住院治疗。当然,指南也同时指出:任何评分系统都应结合患者年龄、基础疾病、社会经济状况、胃肠功能及治疗依从性等综合判断,医生有时候考虑这些因素甚至多于病情因素。


二、重症CAP的诊断标准

重症CAP(SCAP)是一种进展性疾病,从肺局部炎症到全身系统性炎症,导致一系列感染相关并发症,比如脓毒血症、感染性休克和多器官功能障碍等。以上我们已经知道,新指南明确提出采用CURB-65评分作为临床评估CAP病情严重程度的方法,病根据最新证据重新定义重症CAP的标准,新标准更为简化。

在近十年的临床实践中发现,2006年版的指南SCAP标准简洁方便,但过于宽泛,特应性较差,而2007年美国的标准特应性高但过于繁琐(其实也不是很繁琐嘛)。总的来说,两项主要标准是运用最为广泛的,一旦肺炎患者需要有创机械通气(比如患者意识障碍、且痰多及氧合很差),或者发生了脓毒性休克(脓毒性休克的定义为脓毒症所致低血压,虽经液体治疗后仍无法逆转)需要血管活性药物治疗。如果患者同时需要机械通气及血管活性药物,说明病情很重,出现了呼吸、循环衰竭,死亡率高,需认真对待。


参考文献

1、中国成人社区获得性肺炎诊断和治疗指南(2016年版)。中华结核和呼吸杂志。2016
2、中国成人社区获得性肺炎诊断和治疗指南(2016年版)修订要点。中华结核和呼吸杂志。2016

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    2016-09-18 1e10c84am36(暂无匿称)

    不错哦继续关注

    0

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    2016-07-13 WEIXIN9b9d1c54

    很好!

    0

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    2016-06-07 Wechatc09513e6

    怎么下载

    0

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    2016-06-05 忠诚向上

    非常好!

    0

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    2016-06-02 1dd8c52fm63(暂无匿称)

    学习一下!

    0

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