IEEE trans:有无外骨骼自由行走时的脑功能连接研究

2021-06-12 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

步行障碍会严重影响人们的生活和工作,造成严重的社会负担。不同的意外可能导致下肢残疾或完全丧失肢体。为了减轻下肢损伤的影响,外骨骼通常通过两种不同的方式帮助恢复运动功能。对于那些暂时丧失行走功能并能通过

步行障碍会严重影响人们的生活和工作,造成严重的社会负担。不同的意外可能导致下肢残疾或完全丧失肢体。为了减轻下肢损伤的影响,外骨骼通常通过两种不同的方式帮助恢复运动功能。对于那些暂时丧失行走功能并能通过康复训练恢复的患者,外骨骼被认为是提高康复训练效果、加速运动功能恢复的良好辅助装置。如果康复训练不能恢复下肢的运动功能,则采用另一种方式代替受损肢体。外骨骼用于通过增强受损肢体的行走能力或在整个肢体完全丧失的情况下替换截肢来恢复运动功能。无论哪种方式,附着的外骨骼都会对人脑产生影响,为了更好更有效地利用外骨骼,应该对此进行研究。与没有外骨骼辅助的行走条件相比,当外骨骼提供辅助力以促进行走时,大脑组织的效率得到提高。为了证实这一发现,还需要对更大的样本进行进一步的研究。

Argo Medical推出新一代ReWalk外骨骼系统

近年来,高阶函数连接性(HOFC)经常被用于研究失误的连接性。从HOFC的角度来看,基于功能磁共振成像(fMRI)的研究发现,相对于健康人的大脑连接性表现,轻度认知障碍患者的大脑HOFC异常。除了功能磁共振成像(fMRI)外,HOFC也应用于EEG成像。在本研究中,设计了一个在无约束条件下的步行实验,并试图从LOFC、HOFC和相关HOFC(aHOFC)的个体连接和图形度量两个方面探讨有无外骨骼的不同步行条件。

在本实验中,采用四种不同的行走条件:(1)零力(ZF),参与者用外骨骼行走,但没有提供辅助力矩来促进行走(2) 自由行走(FW),参与者不戴外骨骼进行行走(3) 低辅助力(LAF),参与者以外骨骼行走,并提供低辅助力矩以方便行走;(4)高辅助力(HAF),参与者以高辅助力矩的外骨骼行走。实验在一条长约21米、宽约2.1米的水平走廊上进行。设备和监控显示器放置在一个三层小车中,小车位于参与者旁边,但与参与者保持适当的距离。本实验中使用的外骨骼是一个紧凑且可穿戴的机器人系统,该系统基于人体步态的生物力学进行了优化,为地面行走提供合适的辅助力。在行走过程中,使用ANT-ASA实验室系统记录脑电图。 共招募了30名参与者参加这个实验。部分定向相干(PDC)被用来估计每对脑电通道的连接强度。使用图度量来描述连接属性。在本研究中, 使用加权聚类系数(Cw)和局部效率(El)来研究连接性网络的群体属性,而使用加权特征路径长度(Lw)和全局效率(Eg)来显示大脑区域间信息流的效率。

Fig. 1. - Experimental environment. There are four walking conditions: (1) Zero Force (ZF), participants performed walking with an exoskeleton but no assistant torque was provided to facilitate the walking; (2) Free Walk (FW), participants did not wear an exoskeleton and performed the walking; (3) Low Assistant Force (LAF), participants walked with an exoskeleton and low assistant torque was provided to facilitate the walking; and (4) High Assistant Force (HAF), participants walked with an exoskeleton with high assistant torque. EEG, EOG, and EMG were simultaneously recorded from the participants.

实验实行方案

Fig. 2. - (A) High-order functional connectivity (HOFC) is obtained by correlation between topographical profiles. Low-order functional connectivity (LOFC) is inter-regional connectivity. (B) Associated high-order functional connectivity (aHOFC) is a measure assessing similarity between the topographical profile and the high-order topographical profile. (C) Illustration of connections and profiles of the LOFC, HOFC, and aHOFC.

LOFC、HOFC和aHOF的连接图

单因素方差分析(ANOVA)显示,在四种步行条件下,LOFCα , LOFCβ , LOFCαβ中脑功能连接显示出统计学差异。在HOFC中未发现统计上显著的连接。对于aHOFC,观察到11、11和18个相关连接。这些相关连接的分布通常在左中央顶区和右额叶区之间,但在中央顶区更广泛,并延伸到枕部。事后配对t检验表明,与LOFC中的其他三种步行条件相比,具有低辅助力(LAF)的外骨骼辅助步行条件下显著连接的连接强度更大。当外骨骼提供辅助力时,与没有辅助力的情况相比,α带中大多数相关连接的连接强度降低,而在一些相关连接处,无外骨骼行走条件下的连接强度高于无辅助力外骨骼行走条件下的连接强度。在不同的行走条件下,α带、β带的连接主要连接在左侧中央顶区和右侧额叶区(,但在HOFC中不为30 Hz。通过对连接长度的研究,发现LOFC中的大部分重要连接都是长距离的,而aHOFC中的所有重要连接都是长距离的。图度量探索表明LOFC中的加权聚类系数β 和LOFCαβ 无外骨骼行走与有外骨骼提供的低辅助力行走存在显著差异。本研究中相对较大的样本量(即 27 名参与者)增强了研究结果的可信度。

J. Li, N. Thakor and A. Bezerianos, "Brain Functional Connectivity in Unconstrained Walking With and Without an Exoskeleton," in IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering

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    2021-06-12 wwcp11240306

    步行障碍会严重影响人们的生活和工作,造成严重的社会负担。

    0

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    2021-06-12 学医无涯

    脊髓损伤的**

    0

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