Nat Commun:出生后及时接种疫苗对全面消除乙肝的影响

2021-10-30 haibei MedSci原创

如果到2030年,在110个低收入和中等收入国家中,将乙肝出生剂量疫苗的及时接种率提高到90%,与现状相比,可在2020年至2030年的出生组群中预防71万(58万至89万)例死亡,其中非洲的益处最大

自20世纪80年代引入乙肝病毒(HBV)疫苗后,近40年来,HBV感染继续构成重大的公共卫生威胁,其对中低收入国家(LMICs)的影响尤为突出。据估计,全球有近2.5亿人患有慢性HBV感染,该病毒每年导致近90万人因肝细胞癌(HCC)和肝硬化而死亡。

2016年,世界卫生大会批准了世界卫生组织(WHO)的一项战略,即到2030年消除HBV这一公共卫生威胁,其衡量标准是到2030年将5岁儿童的HBV表面抗原(HBsAg)患病率降低到0.1%。因此,制定的目标包括扩大婴儿HBV系列疫苗(HepB3)的覆盖面,以减少水平传播,以及及时接种出生剂量疫苗(及时HepB-BD:在出生后24小时内为所有新生儿注射一剂单价疫苗),主要减少母婴传播(MTCT),预计这两项的覆盖率到2030年各达到90%。

目前,在大多数国家,通过扩大婴儿HBV系列疫苗的覆盖面,水平传播已经大大减少,因此垂直传播正变得越来越主要。最近,研究人员表明,如果到2030年,在110个低收入和中等收入国家中,将乙肝出生剂量疫苗的及时接种率提高到90%,与现状相比,可在2020年至2030年的出生组群中预防71万(58万至89万)例死亡,其中非洲的益处最大

及时扩大HB-BD规模对全球疾病负担的总体影响

此外,保持这种情况可能导致美洲在2030年之前消除乙肝,但非洲在2059年之前不会消除。由于2020年的中断,覆盖率下降可能会导致15000人的额外死亡,主要是在东南亚和西太平洋地区。

此外,计划中的扩大覆盖面的延迟可能导致全球在2020年至2030年出生组别中增加58万例死亡。

 

原始出处:

Margaret J. de Villiers et al. The impact of the timely birth dose vaccine on the global elimination of hepatitis B. Nature Communications (2021). 

 

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    2022-01-29 liye789132251
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    2022-01-06 屋顶瞄爱赏月

    学习了

    0

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    2022-04-25 liuli5079
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    2021-10-31 查查佳佳

    完善输注原则,优先选择ABO和RhD同型

    0

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    2021-10-30 junebenf

    功德无量

    0

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