Clin Neuropharm:阿立哌唑用于创伤后应激障碍

2017-10-29 佚名 大话精神

创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)是一种精神病性症状,常常在一个人经历或见证某种煽动恐惧,无望或恐怖感受的创伤事件或压力源之后发展。它可能很快发生,也可能在事件发生后很长时间才出现。PTSD药物治疗主要是选择性5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂(SSRIs),目前FDA批准的两种SSRI为帕罗西汀和舍曲林。

创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)是一种精神病性症状,常常在一个人经历或见证某种煽动恐惧,无望或恐怖感受的创伤事件或压力源之后发展。它可能很快发生,也可能在事件发生后很长时间才出现。PTSD药物治疗主要是选择性5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂(SSRIs),目前FDA批准的两种SSRI为帕罗西汀和舍曲林。

近年来,非典型抗精神病药物也显示了对情绪障碍的改善,这些药物包括奥氮平和利培酮等。大多数非典型抗精神病药物对5-HT2A受体的拮抗作用被认为可以减少谷氨酸转运,这可能改善与PTSD有关的焦虑症状。此外,抗精神病药是多巴胺受体的拮抗剂,还可能有助于PTSD患者的精神病性症状。但由于体重增加、镇静和锥体外系症状等不良反应,在一定程度上限制了这些药物的使用。

阿立哌唑是第一种具有部分多巴胺能和5-羟色胺能激动剂活性的非典型抗精神病药物,其独特的受体特征使其既能减少精神病性症状,同时又较少引起锥体外系和药物相关的催乳素血症。阿立哌唑治疗PTSD的报道见诸于一系列病例报告中,本文的目的即是分析阿立哌唑作为治疗PTSD单一疗法和辅助治疗的安全性和有效性。

方法

搜索MEDLINE1956年至2017年5月的相关资料,关键词“阿立哌唑”和“创伤后应激障碍”。对阿立哌唑作为单一疗法或辅助治疗PTSD患者的主要研究结果进行了相关性分析。

结果

在具有PTSD病史的患者中,不论是单一疗法还是辅助治疗,阿立哌唑均可显着改善主要结果,包括临床医生管理的创伤后应激障碍症状量表或创伤后应激障碍检查军事评分。研究时间从10周到16周不等,阿立哌唑的起始剂量为2-15mg/d,根据疗效和耐受性,每日剂量可在2-30mg范围内上调或下调。



表1 阿立哌唑治疗PTSD的主要结果



表2 阿立哌唑治疗PTSD的次要结果

总体而言,阿立哌唑具有良好的耐受性,最常见的治疗相关不良事件有焦虑、失眠、静坐不能、烦躁不安和嗜睡。

讨论

开放标签试验的结果表明,阿立哌唑对PTSD辅助治疗或单一治疗都是有效和安全的。在大多数研究中,阿立哌唑的日剂量在7.5mg-15mg之间,并且基于疗效和耐受性调整剂量最大为30mg。阿立哌唑单药治疗的平均剂量范围为9.6-21.5mg,所有这些治疗PTSD的剂量显着低于治疗精神分裂症的剂量,并且与推荐用作抑郁症辅助治疗的5-15mg剂量范围更相似。

阿立哌唑单药或辅助治疗改善了与PTSD相关的症状,如焦虑、回避、过度反应、再体验症状,以及睡眠质量和睡眠时间。单药治疗最常见的不良反应有静坐不能、嗜睡、失眠、乏力,辅助治疗最常见的不良反应有不安、失眠、胃肠道紊乱和体重减轻。

对于创伤后应激障碍,最有效的治疗方案是循证心理治疗,如果患者选用药物,某些SSRI或SNRI类抗抑郁药是一线选择。对于那些拒绝或不能参与心理治疗的患者来说,许多传统的治疗方法都无法起效,此时PTSD症状的管理就是一个挑战。考虑到这一点,才对非典型抗精神病药物进行了相关研究。

参考文献
Sara R. Anna D.,et al. Aripiprazole for Post-traumatic Stress Disorder: A Systematic Review. Clinical Neuropharmacology,Oct 2017.

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    2017-10-29 doctorJiangchao

    谢谢分享.

    0

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    2017-10-29 doctorJiangchao

    继续关注.

    0

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    2017-10-29 doctorJiangchao

    继续学习.

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