J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg:AATS发布全新术后心房颤动预防和管理指南

2014-09-28 伊文 国际循环

美国胸外科医师学会(AATS)日前发布最新预防术中或术后心房颤动(房颤)以及房颤和心房扑动(房扑)患者管理指南。指南还为已有房颤,将要接受胸外科手术的患者管理提供了指导,这些患者卒中,心力衰竭(心衰)和其他并发症风险较高。管理抗心律失常药物和围术期抗凝治疗存在挑战。因此,术前心内科会诊可能有益。[PDF FREE] 工作组主席Gyorgy Frendl博士(Brigham妇女医院)表示,

美国胸外科医师学会(AATS)日前发布最新预防术中或术后心房颤动(房颤)以及房颤和心房扑动(房扑)患者管理指南。指南还为已有房颤,将要接受胸外科手术的患者管理提供了指导,这些患者卒中,心力衰竭(心衰)和其他并发症风险较高。管理抗心律失常药物和围术期抗凝治疗存在挑战。因此,术前心内科会诊可能有益。[PDF FREE]

工作组主席Gyorgy Frendl博士(Brigham妇女医院)表示,“事实上,我们无法精确说明房颤为何会发生,但心肺手术患者,尤其肺部手术患者术后房颤发生率非常高。因此,胸外科和心脏外科医生希望找到原因、预防和解决方案。答案并不简单。”指南9月23日在线发表于Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery。

术后房颤患者住院时间、并发症和花费更多。房颤/房扑高危因素包括高龄、高血压、心衰、房颤病史、阻塞型睡眠呼吸暂停、甲亢、左室肥厚、瓣膜性心脏病、肥胖、吸烟、酗酒等。

新指南推荐所有术前服用β受体阻滞剂的患者术后应继续使用,预防房颤或房扑(Ⅰ,A)。术后血压降低并不是停用β受体阻滞剂的理由,低血压患者可减少剂量或服药频次。

如果血清镁水平低或术者怀疑体内镁含量降低,可考虑静脉补镁(Ⅱb,C)。不应使用地高辛,或术中行导管/手术肺静脉隔离预防房颤或房扑。

围术期/术后房颤或房扑中高危患者,如果心功能正常,且围术期未使用β受体阻滞剂,可考虑使用地尔硫卓(Ⅱa, B)

接受特定手术如肺切除术或食管切除术的患者,术后可考虑使用胺碘酮。但胺碘酮长期大量使用有肺毒性。

未使用他汀,接受中高危手术的患者,可考虑使用阿托伐他汀(Ⅱb,C)。

长期使用华法林或新型口服抗凝药的房颤患者,是否停用及需要肝素过渡取决于卒中风险,可使用CHA2DS2-VASc评分评估。<2分者可停用,且不需肝素过渡。除肝素外,若肾小球滤过率>50%,可考虑使用依诺肝素作为短期过渡药物。如果停用抗凝治疗,应尽量缩短时间。

围术期房颤/房扑患者管理取决于血液动力学稳定型。稳定患者主要治疗为心率控制,目标为110次/分。血液动力学不稳定者应转复窦性心律。

原始出处:

Frendl G1, Sodickson AC2, Chung MK3, Waldo AL4, Gersh BJ5, Tisdale JE6, Calkins H7, Aranki S8, Kaneko T8, Cassivi S9, Smith SC Jr10, Darbar D11, Wee JO12, Waddell TK13, Amar D14, Adler D15.2014 AATS guidelines for the prevention and management of perioperative atrial fibrillation and flutter for thoracic surgical procedures.J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2014 Sep;148(3):e153-93. doi: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2014.06.036. Epub 2014 Jun 30.[PDF FREE]

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    2014-11-04 quxin068
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    2015-07-29 yyj062
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    2014-09-30 sodoo