喜讯!国家采购“以量换价” 55种药品降价了!

2020-11-04 医学中文网 医学中文网

第三批国家带量采购本月执行,55种药品、191个产品中选,涉及高血压、糖尿病、恶性肿瘤等药品品种,平均降价53%!以化疗用药卡培他滨为例,药品由原来的每片15元降至3元多。国家集采怎样通过&ldquo

第三批国家带量采购本月执行,55种药品、191个产品中选,涉及高血压、糖尿病、恶性肿瘤等药品品种,平均降价53%!以化疗用药卡培他滨为例,药品由原来的每片15元降至3元多。国家集采怎样通过“以量换价”,为患者减负担、强保障?白岩松对话国家医疗保障局医药价格和招标采购司司长钟东波,为您一一解惑。

为什么国家药品集采连续三年都能使药价降50%以上?

钟东波:国家主动集中采购的核心是带量采购机制。现在药品价格虚高关键在于销售费用高,像媒体披露的2019年323个上市医药公司的销售费用达到2873亿。而带量采购以合同的方式来明确药品采购的数量以确保使用,相当于供需直接见面,把中间所有销售费用节省下来,这是降价幅度大的主要原因。当然还有其他原因,比如有效的竞争、及时的回款,还有通过集采推动产业提高集中度,实现规模经济,这些也都是实现降价的重要原因。

如何保证国家药品集采降价不降质?

钟东波:国家组织集中采购是严格把握质量门槛的,现在都是以通过质量疗效一致性评价的药品作为集采范围,所以所有药品都具有相同质量疗效的层次,老百姓完全可以放心,我们是在同等质量情况下来降低价格,完全没有必要担心质量下降问题。

为什么是这55种药品、191个产品中选?

钟东波:我们带量采购坚持以需求为导向,质量优先的原则,所以我们遴选的药品都是在临床使用广泛、采购金额比较大,而且通过了国家药品质量疗效一致性评价的品种。

如何看待中选的191个产品中仿制药占188个?

钟东波:中选的药品都是通过国家药品质量疗效一致性评价的药品,是同一个质量层次的,所以药品在疗效上完全一样。当然,由于仿制药有成本优势,所以通过公开、透明、公平的竞争,最终仿制药中选的比较多。

药品降价后,企业得到了哪些好处?

钟东波:企业的好处还是比较多的。

第一,降低了成本,销售费用、财务成本以及通过规模经济实现单位生产成本都得到了降低。财务成本主要通过及时回款来实现,现在通常药品回款周期是6个月到1年,但我国组织集采的药品基本上都在次月月底之前可以实现回款。一个月内回款率达到97%以上,这样能够降低它的财务成本,一年大概能能降低6到8个点。

第二,有助于提高企业的公平竞争环境,从原来的“回扣竞争”转变到以质量和成本为基础的公平良性的竞争。

第三,有助于优质产品快速推广。因为通过集采可以迅速进入全国公共医疗机构,这样(企业)可以节省很多市场推广和协助推广费用。

另外,可以倒逼企业加强创新。在过去一年,很多企业都开始加大创新方面的投入。

国家药品集采工作未来将会以怎样的节奏推进?

钟东波:通过两年的摸索,我们现在形成了一套行之有效的,包括集采规则、配套政策、工作机制的一整套完整的体系。我们现在也正在巩固完善这套政策体系,尽快形成全国可推广的制度体系。有了这个制度体系后,下一步我们可以加快集采的进程。

根据中央和国务院的部署,我们现在是在国家层面和地方两个层面推进集采的工作。

在国家层面,一方面要常态化开展国家集采药品,按照一定数量和金额来设定标准,达到标准的话,就启动新一批的集采,大概一年两批左右。随后还会进一步拓宽集采范围和条件,加快推进集采步伐。

在地方层面,指导各省,包括一些较大的城市,积极按照国家形成的这套政策规范来开展集中带量采购。我们希望到2022年底,这些临床采购金额占比较大,适合集采的这些重点(药品)品种都能够纳入集采范围。

国家药品集中采购给患者省了多少钱?

钟东波:按照静态测算,三批药品集采全国大概能节省539亿。按照老百姓个人支付40%来算,大概能节省216亿,其他医保节省了一些资金,又通过扩大医保报销药品目录、通过提升报销水平,让老百姓获得更多实惠。

通过国家药品集采,老百姓不仅是在费用上得到实惠,同时在其他方面也能得到实惠。

首先,提高了用药的质量层次,通过调查,在“4+7”试点之前,群众通过一致性评价的药品比例大概只有50%,而实施试点之后能扩大到90%以上,等于整个用药层次得到了明显提高。

其次,像抗乙肝病毒的药、高血压、糖尿病,肿瘤等药品,通过降价,老百姓用药的可及性得到提高,老百姓都能用得起,健康也能得到更好的保障。

未来会对医用耗材进行国家集采吗?

钟东波:这个目前正在推进之中。全国一年的耗材金额大概在3000亿,其中高值医用耗材在1500个亿。我们按照中央和国务院的部署,正在研究推进高值医用耗材的带量采购。

高值医用耗材的带量采购相对药品难度要更大,因为它缺乏一个比较统一的质量评价标准,另外跟临床的使用密切相关,品种更加繁多。

所以,我们一方面要借鉴药品集中带量采购的做法和经验,同时也要结合耗材的特点,形成适合耗材带量采购的模式。不会让大家等太久,我们第一单就是冠脉支架。

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    2020-11-06 30397605
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    2020-11-06 wolongzxh

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