Cell Metabol:别吃药了!在抗衰老和维持健康方面日常膳食明显优于药物!

2021-12-26 细胞 细胞

膳食组分会对机体肝脏的蛋白质组产生强大的影响,而不仅仅是代谢通路,同时其还会影响诸如线粒体功能和RNA剪接等机体基本的生理学过程。

营养感知通路会影响机体的代谢健康和衰老,这或许就提供了饮食可能会被单独使用或与靶向作用这些通路的药物联合使用的可能性;近日,一篇发表在国际杂志Cell Metabolism上题为“Nutritional reprogramming of mouse liver proteome is dampened by metformin resveratrol and rapamycin”的研究报告中,来自悉尼大学等机构的科学家们通过研究比较了饮食和药物对细胞内在工作机制的影响及差异,结果发现,营养或许所产生的影响更大;研究者指出,在控制诸如糖尿病、中风和心脏病等疾病上,人类的饮食结构或组成或许要比药物更强大一些。

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图片来源:https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1550413121005283?via%3Dihub

通过在小鼠机体中进行研究,研究者发现,营养(包括总热量和宏量营养素平衡)对于机体衰老和代谢健康的影响要比三种通常用于治疗糖尿病和减缓机体衰老的药物更大。这项研究建立在研究人员对小鼠和人类机体进行的开创性工作之上,他们证实了饮食和特定蛋白质、脂肪和碳水化合物组成在抵御衰老、肥胖、心脏病、免疫功能失调和诸如2型糖尿病等代谢疾病风险上的保护性作用。研究者Stephen Simpson教授说道,药物或许也能与营养物质一样靶向作用相同的生化通路,目前我们进行了大量研究发现了一些药物或能改善机体的代谢健康和衰老,同时并不需要进行饮食的改变。

饮食实际上就是一种强大的药物,然而,目前所使用的药物并没有考虑到其是否以及如何与机体的饮食结构发生相互作用,即使这些药物被设计地能作用与饮食相同的通路,以及相同的营养信号通路。于是研究人员开始着手研究是否药物或饮食在重塑营养感知和其它代谢通路上是否更加有力,以及是否药物和饮食之间的相互作用方式能让其变得更加有效或无效。研究者发现,膳食组成要比药物拥有更强大的作用,药物在很大程度上会抑制饮食的反应而并不是重塑饮食的反应。

考虑到人类和小鼠共享着基本上相同的营养信号通路,于是研究人员通过研究表明,人们或许能从通过改变饮食来改善机体代谢健康上获得更好的益处,而并非服用本文研究中所提供的药物。随后研究人员进行了一项复杂的小鼠研究,他们进行了40项不同的疗法,每一种疗法中所含有的蛋白质、脂肪和碳水化合物平衡、卡路里以及药物的成分均不相同。该研究旨在分析这些抗衰老药物对机体肝脏所产生的影响,肝脏是机体中参与代谢调节的关键器官。

该研究的一个关键优势在于研究人员使用了前期所开发的营养学几何框架,该框架或许能帮助研究人员分析不同营养物质的混合物和相互作用到底是如何影响机体健康和疾病发生的,而并非重点孤立地单独关注一种营养物质,这是其它营养研究的一大局限性。相关研究结果或能帮助研究人员理解将我们所吃的东西与我们如何变老联系起来的分子机制;研究者发现,饮食中卡路里摄入和宏量营养素(蛋白质、脂质和碳水化合物)的平衡或许对肝脏有着明显的影响。

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图片来源:https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1550413121005283?via%3Dihub

蛋白质和总的热量摄入不仅对代谢通路会产生强大的影响,而且还对控制细胞运作的方式也会产生相应的影响;比如,所摄入的蛋白质的水平就会影响线粒体的活性,这或许就会产生一种下游效应,因为所摄入的蛋白质的水平和饮食能量或许就会影响细胞如何将基因转化为帮助细胞维持合适功能并制造新细胞的不同蛋白质。这些过程或许都与机体衰老有关,相比之下,药物主要会作用于抑制细胞对饮食所产生的代谢反应,而并非从根本上重塑其功能;然而,研究者发现,药物的生化影响效应和饮食组成之间或许存在一些更为具体的相互作用。

一种抗衰老药物或许会对膳食脂肪和碳水化合物所引起的细胞改变产生更大的影响,而癌症和其它糖尿病药物或许就会阻断膳食蛋白对产生能量的线粒体的影响效应。研究者David Le Couteur教授说道,尽管本文研究非常复杂,但其却揭示了同时研究不同饮食的重要性,而并非比较几种不同饮食所产生的差异。而这种方法是我们能够分析饮食、机体健康和生理学特性之间相互作用概况的唯一途径。

我们都知道,机体所摄入的饮食会影响机体健康,但本文研究揭示了这些食物如何明显影响机体细胞中运行的讴歌过程,这或许就能帮助解释饮食影响机体健康和衰老的分子机理。综上,本文研究结果表明,膳食组分会对机体肝脏的蛋白质组产生强大的影响,而不仅仅是代谢通路,同时其还会影响诸如线粒体功能和RNA剪接等机体基本的生理学过程。

原始出处:

David G.Le CouteurSamantha M.Solon-BietBenjamin L.Parker, et al. Nutritional reprogramming of mouse liver proteome is dampened by metformin, resveratrol, and rapamycin, Cell Metabolism (2021). DOI:10.1016/j.cmet.2021.10.016

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    2022-01-13 guojianrong
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    2022-06-06 维他命
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    2022-10-23 一闲
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    2021-12-28 zhaojie88
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    2021-12-28 闆锋旦

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