Alzheimer’s & Dementia:心血管代谢疾病多病加速认知能力下降

2022-06-21 影像小生 MedSci原创

心脏代谢多病加速认知能力下降,增加认知障碍及其转化为痴呆的风险。

2型糖尿病(T2D)、心脏病(HD)和卒中等心脏代谢疾病(CMDs)是公认的痴呆的独立危险因素,CMDs对认知的不利影响在痴呆的临床前和前驱期也很明显。在一些纵向研究中,T2D、HD和卒中分别与认知能力下降加速和认知障碍风险增加相关。心血管代谢疾病(CMDs)已单独与不良认知结果相关,但它们的联合效应尚未被研究。

Abigail Dove等在Alzheimer’s & Dementia发表题为Cardiometabolic multimorbidity accelerates cognitive decline and dementia progression的研究文章,我们利用一项瑞典老年人群体队列研究的12年随访数据,研究了CMD对认知功能下降、认知功能损害和认知功能损害向痴呆的进展的影响。

Abigail Dove等对2577例60岁及以上的无痴呆患者进行随访,随访12年,观察认知功能变化,检测非痴呆认知功能障碍(CIND)和痴呆。通过医疗记录和临床检查评估CMD(包括2型糖尿病、心脏病和卒中)的基线水平。心脏代谢多病被定义为存在两种或两种以上的心血管疾病。采用多重调节线性混合效应模型、Cox回归和Laplace回归进行数据分析。

12年以上心脏代谢疾病(CMD)状态的认知评分轨迹。对基线年龄、性别、教育程度、身体质量指数(BMI)、体力活动、高血压、饮酒和载脂蛋白E (APOE)ԑ4携带者状态进行多重调整的线性混合效应模型。

Laplace生存曲线反映了(A)认知功能完好队列(n = 1873)到发生非痴呆认知障碍(CIND)的时间和(B) CIND队列(n = 704)到由心脏代谢疾病(CMD)状态引起的痴呆的时间。对基线年龄、性别、教育程度、身体质量指数(BMI)、体力活动、高血压、饮酒和载脂蛋白E (APOE)ԑ4载体状态进行多重调整。

 

该研究发现:

1.      CMD多病与认知能力下降、CIND (危险比[HR] 1.73;95%可信区间CI 1.23 ~ 2.44),及其进展为痴呆(HR 1.86;95%可信区间1.17 ~ 2.97) 有关

2.      CMD多病使CIND的发病时间缩短2.3年,痴呆的发病时间缩短1.8年。

这项以瑞典老年人为研究对象的人群队列研究发现

(1)随着CMD患者数量的增加,认知能力下降加速呈剂量依赖性;

(2) CMD多病使认知障碍及其进展为痴呆的风险增加近一倍;

(3) CMD多病预示着认知障碍的发生及其在2年内发展为痴呆

综上所述,心脏代谢多病加速认知能力下降,增加认知障碍及其转化为痴呆的风险。该研究强调了共病T2D、HD和卒中是延缓认知能力下降和延缓认知障碍和痴呆发展的预防措施的理想目标。

 

原文出处

Cardiometabolic multimorbidity accelerates cognitive decline and dementia progression.

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