Nature: SARS-CoV-2入侵人体的入口,竟是这2类关键鼻细胞!

2020-04-30 王昭月 生物探索

目前,已知新冠病毒(SARS-CoV-2)的入侵机制类似于2003年的SARS,为了探究新冠病毒的传播潜力,有研究者发现并鉴定了SARS-CoV-2在两个鼻细胞类型中高表达——

目前,已知新冠病毒(SARS-CoV-2)的入侵机制类似于2003年的SARS,为了探究新冠病毒的传播潜力,有研究者发现并鉴定了SARS-CoV-2在两个鼻细胞类型中高表达——鼻腔分泌细胞和纤毛细胞,该结果发表在《Nature Medicine》上。

SARS-CoV-2的S蛋白与人体的ACE2结合,是病毒复制率和疾病严重程度的主要决定因素。除此之外,病毒的进入还取决于TMPRSS2蛋白酶的活性,且其活性可以被组织蛋白酶B/L活性替代。

基于现有数据,研究发现,有症状和无症状患者鼻拭子的病毒载量高于咽喉拭子,表明鼻腔上皮是感染和传播的初始入口。为了探究哪些细胞表达ACE2和TMPRSS2蛋白酶两种关键的蛋白,同时阐明二者的表达模式,研究人员利用单细胞RNA测序,分析了健康捐赠者们20多个不同组织的人类细胞图谱(Human Cell Atlas, HCA)。


ACE2和TMPRSS2在不同组织中的表达及其在鼻上皮细胞中的富集

结果显示,在特定的呼吸、角膜和肠道上皮细胞中共同检测到这些转录本,这有可能解释SARS-CoV-2的高效传播。同时,在鼻腔上皮细胞中,这些基因也与参与天然免疫的基因共同表达。ACE2在鼻腔分泌细胞和纤毛细胞中表达最高,而TMPRSS2仅在ACE2+细胞的一个子集中表达,表明病毒可能使用替代途径。

荷兰格罗宁根大学医学中心的Martijn Nawijn博士提到,这是首次将鼻子中的这些特殊细胞与新冠病毒联系起来,虽然许多因素可以导致病毒传播,但我们的发现与目前所见的病毒快速感染率相一致,这些细胞位于鼻内表面,很容易接触病毒并传染给他人。

原始出处:
Waradon Sungnak, et al. SARS-CoV-2 entry factors are highly expressed in nasal epithelial cells together with innate immune genes. Nature. Published: 23 April 2020

版权声明:
本网站所有内容来源注明为“梅斯医学”或“MedSci原创”的文字、图片和音视频资料,版权均属于梅斯医学所有。非经授权,任何媒体、网站或个人不得转载,授权转载时须注明来源为“梅斯医学”。其它来源的文章系转载文章,或“梅斯号”自媒体发布的文章,仅系出于传递更多信息之目的,本站仅负责审核内容合规,其内容不代表本站立场,本站不负责内容的准确性和版权。如果存在侵权、或不希望被转载的媒体或个人可与我们联系,我们将立即进行删除处理。
在此留言
评论区 (4)
#插入话题
  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2083831, encodeId=dacf2083831e1, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5a0510350147' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#鼻细胞#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=47, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=103501, encryptionId=5a0510350147, topicName=鼻细胞)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=976a57, createdName=liubm555, createdTime=Tue Dec 08 13:01:33 CST 2020, time=2020-12-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1884293, encodeId=2a09188429394, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=53, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Sat Dec 19 20:01:33 CST 2020, time=2020-12-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1937915, encodeId=0dc8193e9159f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=02de15902d3' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#SARS-CoV#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=50, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=15902, encryptionId=02de15902d3, topicName=SARS-CoV)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=6ab940, createdName=hukaixun, createdTime=Wed Jul 01 10:01:33 CST 2020, time=2020-07-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1321179, encodeId=f9be13211e9d7, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ac0d159007f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#SARS#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=49, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=15900, encryptionId=ac0d159007f, topicName=SARS)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8306486, createdName=小刀医生, createdTime=Sat May 02 01:01:33 CST 2020, time=2020-05-02, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2083831, encodeId=dacf2083831e1, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5a0510350147' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#鼻细胞#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=47, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=103501, encryptionId=5a0510350147, topicName=鼻细胞)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=976a57, createdName=liubm555, createdTime=Tue Dec 08 13:01:33 CST 2020, time=2020-12-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1884293, encodeId=2a09188429394, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=53, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Sat Dec 19 20:01:33 CST 2020, time=2020-12-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1937915, encodeId=0dc8193e9159f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=02de15902d3' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#SARS-CoV#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=50, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=15902, encryptionId=02de15902d3, topicName=SARS-CoV)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=6ab940, createdName=hukaixun, createdTime=Wed Jul 01 10:01:33 CST 2020, time=2020-07-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1321179, encodeId=f9be13211e9d7, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ac0d159007f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#SARS#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=49, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=15900, encryptionId=ac0d159007f, topicName=SARS)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8306486, createdName=小刀医生, createdTime=Sat May 02 01:01:33 CST 2020, time=2020-05-02, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2020-12-19 liye789132251
  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2083831, encodeId=dacf2083831e1, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5a0510350147' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#鼻细胞#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=47, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=103501, encryptionId=5a0510350147, topicName=鼻细胞)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=976a57, createdName=liubm555, createdTime=Tue Dec 08 13:01:33 CST 2020, time=2020-12-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1884293, encodeId=2a09188429394, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=53, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Sat Dec 19 20:01:33 CST 2020, time=2020-12-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1937915, encodeId=0dc8193e9159f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=02de15902d3' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#SARS-CoV#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=50, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=15902, encryptionId=02de15902d3, topicName=SARS-CoV)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=6ab940, createdName=hukaixun, createdTime=Wed Jul 01 10:01:33 CST 2020, time=2020-07-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1321179, encodeId=f9be13211e9d7, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ac0d159007f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#SARS#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=49, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=15900, encryptionId=ac0d159007f, topicName=SARS)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8306486, createdName=小刀医生, createdTime=Sat May 02 01:01:33 CST 2020, time=2020-05-02, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2020-07-01 hukaixun
  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2083831, encodeId=dacf2083831e1, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5a0510350147' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#鼻细胞#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=47, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=103501, encryptionId=5a0510350147, topicName=鼻细胞)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=976a57, createdName=liubm555, createdTime=Tue Dec 08 13:01:33 CST 2020, time=2020-12-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1884293, encodeId=2a09188429394, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=53, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Sat Dec 19 20:01:33 CST 2020, time=2020-12-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1937915, encodeId=0dc8193e9159f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=02de15902d3' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#SARS-CoV#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=50, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=15902, encryptionId=02de15902d3, topicName=SARS-CoV)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=6ab940, createdName=hukaixun, createdTime=Wed Jul 01 10:01:33 CST 2020, time=2020-07-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1321179, encodeId=f9be13211e9d7, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ac0d159007f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#SARS#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=49, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=15900, encryptionId=ac0d159007f, topicName=SARS)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8306486, createdName=小刀医生, createdTime=Sat May 02 01:01:33 CST 2020, time=2020-05-02, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2020-05-02 小刀医生