EMBO Mol Med:奥雷巴替尼能控制Omicron引发的炎症风暴

2022-05-19 医药笔记 医药笔记

2022年5月18日,EMBO molecular medicine(IF=12.137)期刊发表了关于亚盛医药奥雷巴替尼控制新冠Omicron突变株引发炎症风暴的研究文章。该研究此前于今年2月发表在

2022年5月18日,EMBO molecular medicine(IF=12.137)期刊发表了关于亚盛医药奥雷巴替尼控制新冠Omicron突变株引发炎症风暴的研究文章。该研究此前于今年2月发表在预印本期刊BioRxiv上,此次经过同行评议正式发表在EMBO期刊上。这也意味着亚盛医药正式跻身新冠药物研发阵营。

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尽管多数COVID-19患者仅出现轻中度症状,但仍有15-20%的患者会引发过度炎症,即“炎症风暴”,为发展成重症的主要原因。目前,新冠疫苗、轻症治疗药物(中和抗体、新冠口服药等)都有了多种获批方案,而中重度仍然缺少特异性治疗药物。因此,寻找到能够控制炎症风暴的潜在治疗方法可能对治疗中重度COVID-19患者至关重要。

研究人员发现,SARS-CoV-2奥密克戎变种的NTD刺激细胞因子释放。下图A为Omicron变种NTD突变的示意图,其中Omicron变种的特有突变以绿色标记表示。下图B为Omicron变种的重组NTD对细胞因子释放的影响。

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本研究通讯作者Gujral曾在2021年发表文章,发现新冠病毒NTD可以诱发PBMC释放大量细胞因子,并通过AI筛选平台发现这一过程与JAK1、EPHA7、 IRAK1、MAPK12和MAP3K8等激酶相关。进一步地,筛选出多激酶抑制剂Ponatinib可以抑制这一炎症风暴的发生过程,Ponitinib的一个主要靶点即Bcr-Abl。

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本篇文章中,研究人员发现Omicron变异株NTD同样可以诱发炎症风暴。在治疗方面,相比于Ponatinib,奥雷巴替尼同样可以有效的阻止PBMC释放细胞因子,且两者的抑制作用都显著强于礼来的巴瑞替尼。值得注意的是,在所检测的9例COVID-19患者PBMCs样本中,奥雷巴替尼均可完全抑制由Omicron-NTD介导产生的细胞因子风暴。

奥雷巴替尼是全球第2个获批上市的第三代BCR-ABL抑制剂。本文的研究中发现奥雷巴替尼是Omicron变种NTD介导的细胞因子释放的强效抑制剂。下图A为奥雷巴替尼、Ponatinib及巴瑞替尼对Omicron变种NTD介导的细胞因子释放的影响。下图B为奥雷巴替尼对不同细胞因子的半数抑制浓度。下图C比较奥雷巴替尼、Ponatinib及巴瑞替尼激酶抑制谱。下图D的结果表明奥雷巴替尼可减少COVID-19患者PBMC中Omicron变种NTD介导的细胞因子释放。

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巴瑞替尼为JAK抑制剂,2022年5月11日获得FDA正式批准,用于治疗新冠住院患者。

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2021年2月,荷兰科学家在Blood Advances期刊上发表了一篇关于血液瘤激酶抑制剂对于新冠免疫调控的综述文章,即支出JAK抑制剂、Bcr-Abl抑制剂调控炎症风暴的机制和潜在治疗价值。

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2020年6月,荷兰科学家在预印本期刊BioRxiv上发表文章,发现Bcr-Abl抑制剂Imatinib、Ponatinib可以μM级别亲和力结合RBD,为其应对新冠炎症风暴的作用机制提供了另一种解释。

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总结

新冠疫情爆发三年以来,新冠疫苗接种覆盖率已经很高,面对新的突变株新一代疫苗也已经进入后期临床。治疗方面,中和抗体、新冠口服药先后上市,为阻止轻症向重症转化做出重要贡献。但对于重症,仍然缺乏有效治疗手段,曾给予厚望的IL-6R、GM-CSF、CD24等,多以失败告终。JAK抑制剂巴瑞替尼已经获得FDA正式批准用于治疗新冠住院患者,并被WHO治疗方案列入用于治疗炎症风暴。

原始出处:

Chan M, Holland EC, Gujral TS.Olverembatinib inhibits SARS-CoV-2-Omicron variant-mediated cytokine release in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells.EMBO Mol Med. 2022 May 17:e15919. doi: 10.15252/emmm.202215919

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