分子和治疗视角下:中医药治疗非酒精性脂肪性肝病

2021-09-02 August MedSci原创

非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)已成为世界上最大的慢性肝病,而目前尚无治疗其的特效药。中医药在亚洲已被广泛应用于肝脏疾病数百年,中医对其的整体观和辨证论治在治疗这种复杂的代谢性疾病方面显示出优势。

     非酒精性脂肪肝(NAFLD)被定义为具有代谢功能障碍的脂肪肝。NAFLD表现为脂肪储存综合征,伴有肝细胞脂肪变性、气球样变性、小叶炎症和大部分纤维化,但尚无批准的 NAFLD 药物疗法。数百年来,中医药在亚洲广泛应用于包括NAFLD在内的肝脏疾病。在中医中,NAFLD的治疗主要集中在保肝的整体性上,其在机制上表现为抗氧化应激、脂质代谢调节、抗炎、抗纤维化和肠道菌群调节。此文旨在总结中医治疗NAFLD 的共同点,并提供中医治疗策略的全面概述。

治疗NAFLD的中成药:

在中国注册的中药复方治疗 NAFLD 的临床试验:

 

中医常用单味药对NAFLD的影响及机制:

山楂

来源于山楂的干燥成熟果实,酸、甘,微温。功效:消食健胃,行气散瘀,化浊降脂。 主治:肉食积滞,胃脘胀满,泻痢腹痛,瘀血经闭,产后瘀阻,心腹刺痛,胸痹心痛,疝气疼痛,高脂血症。

现代药理学研究其成分为牡荆素、槲皮素、黄酮类槲皮素、山楂酸、有机酸绿原酸、熊果酸、三萜类齐墩果酸。

可能的机制有:牡荆素是一种天然黄酮类化合物,可通过抑制 TLR4/NF-κB 信号传导和与脂肪酸合成相关的蛋白质的表达来改善由 HFD 诱导的 NAFLD 小鼠慢性应激槲皮素通过激活 NAFLD 的 HFD 大鼠模型中的 AMPK 通路和 TGF-β 信号传导抑制肝脏脂质积累山楂酸是一种五环三萜类化合物,可通过调节 Sirt1/AMPK 信号通路来防止肝脏脂肪变性

 

泽泻

来源于泽泻的干燥根茎,味甘、淡,性寒。功效:利水渗湿,泄热,化浊降脂。主治:小便不利,水肿胀满,泄泻尿少,痰饮眩晕,热淋涩痛,高脂血症。

现代药理学研究其成分为泽泻醇A、泽泻醇B、泽泻醇A、B、C的醋酸酯、表艾醇A、泽泻醇和泽泻素。

可能的机制有:Alisol A能减轻肝脂肪变性并改善 HFD 小鼠的肝功能。在体外,AA24A 可能通过下调 SERBP-1c、ACC、Fas 和上调 CPT1 和 Acox1 激活 AMPKα 通路,从而有效减轻肝脏脂肪变性并抑制炎症Alisol B 可以通过激活 FXR 信号通路来保护小鼠免受 MCD 诱导的 NASH,从而减少肝脏中脂质的积累、肝小叶炎症和细胞周围纤维化

中药中使用的化合物对 NAFLD 的综合作用:

处方中常用的药物组合——

中成药——

     综上所述,NAFLD是一种复杂的代谢性疾病,主要以肝脂肪变性、炎症和纤维化为特征。在早期,患者可以通过运动和饮食改变来恢复肝功能。但随着病情的发展,需要药物干预甚至肝移植。NAFLD目前尚无特效药物疗法,但中医以其整体理念和辨证论治在这一复杂代谢的治疗中显示出优势。中药,尤其是中药复方,具有“多成分、多靶点、多途径”的特点,这也给研究带来了难度。总体而言,这种针对中药的靶向途径综合调控使其比任何其他化学药物或活性成分更具竞争力

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    2021-09-04 cathymary
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    2021-09-03 运动yd

    中医中药,大多被人诋毁,不过梅斯里总是客观公正的

    0

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