Eur J Clin Nutr:中国研究证据,多不饱和脂肪酸可保护心脏!

2020-08-20 朱朱 中国循环杂志

近期,中国科学院上海营养与健康研究所研究发现,总体上,单不饱和脂肪酸增加心脏代谢疾病风险,多不饱和脂肪酸则有保护作用,饱和脂肪酸和反式脂肪酸与心脏代谢疾病的相关性则需要进一步研究。

近期,中国科学院上海营养与健康研究所研究发现,总体上,单不饱和脂肪酸增加心脏代谢疾病风险,多不饱和脂肪酸则有保护作用,饱和脂肪酸和反式脂肪酸与心脏代谢疾病的相关性则需要进一步研究。

DOI:10.1038/s41430-020-00709-0

单不饱和脂肪酸

中国台湾的一项巢式病例对照研究显示,血单不饱和脂肪酸水平处于最高五分位者发生代谢综合征的风险增加176%。

在浙江前瞻性调查高血压和生活方式研究中,血清16:1n-7(棕榈油酸)水平与高血压患病率呈正相关。

中国老年人群营养和健康研究显示,红细胞中棕榈油酸、油酸水平最高者发生代谢综合征的风险增加26%~51%,棕榈油酸较高者也更易患2型糖尿病,主要对脂联素和炎症标志物有不良影响。

在广州营养与健康研究中,红细胞棕榈油酸、油酸水平高者更容易超重或肥胖。

多不饱和脂肪酸

总体上,中国研究关注多不饱和脂肪酸较多。

上海男士健康研究、上海女士健康研究、新加坡华人健康研究、中国健康与营养调查研究均显示,多摄入海产品来源的n-3多不饱和脂肪酸(如EPA、DHA)可显著降低总死亡和血管死亡风险。

中国健康与营养调查研究和上海女士健康研究还显示,n-3多不饱和脂肪酸还可降低2型糖尿病风险。

横断面和病例对照研究显示,血液中多不饱和脂肪酸水平与代谢综合征、2型糖尿病、心血管病风险呈负相关。

纵向研究也表明,血长链n-3多不饱和脂肪酸水平与高血压、2型糖尿病、代谢综合征风险呈负相关。

新加坡华人健康研究发现,血浆中花生四烯酸(AA)水平每升高1个标准差,急性心肌梗死风险增加25%。

在中国老年人群营养和健康研究中,与上海居民相比,北京居民的红细胞n-6多不饱和脂肪酸水平较高,而n-3多不饱和脂肪酸水平较低,可能与两地区饮食习惯不同有关。

基于该研究的一项横断面分析显示,红细胞中总n-6多不饱和脂肪酸和三种22碳n-6多不饱和脂肪酸水平较高者代谢综合征风险降低,而α-亚麻酸、γ次亚麻油酸水平较高者代谢综合征风险则增加。

一些随访期较短的小规模随机对照试验表明,补充大剂量鱼油可明显改善体重指数、血脂、血糖、血压水平,甚至还能在空气污染暴露的情况下改善多种心血管疾病生物标志物。

饱和脂肪酸

中国健康与营养调查研究显示,中位随访14年期间,总饱和脂肪酸和偶数链饱和脂肪酸摄入越多,总死亡风险越高(最高增加65%~83%),而奇数链饱和脂肪酸摄入量最高者死亡风险降低36%~41%。

浙江前瞻性调查高血压和生活方式(ZPIHL)研究显示,血清16:0(16碳饱和脂肪酸,棕榈酸)水平越高,高血压患病率也越高。

在上面提到的中国台湾研究中,血浆总饱和脂肪酸水平最高者患代谢综合征的风险增加122%。

中国老年人群营养和健康研究6年随访结果显示,红细胞中16:0水平处于最高五分位者发生2型糖尿病的风险增加29%。

广州营养与健康研究中位随访5.6年的结果表明,红细胞18:0(硬脂酸)和20:0(花生酸)水平与2型糖尿病风险呈正相关,最高增加46%~49%。

但在一项基于新加坡华人健康研究的巢式病例对照研究中,血浆18:0水平每升高1个标准差,急性心肌梗死风险降低35%。

研究者表示,各饱和脂肪酸对各种心脏代谢疾病的影响仍不明确,尤其是奇数链和极长链饱和脂肪酸的作用尚需进一步研究。

反式脂肪酸

我国研究显示,国人红细胞中的反式脂肪酸水平明显低于西方人群,而且我国的反式脂肪酸主要是反油酸(反18:1异构体),这主要来源于奶制品。

在中国老年人群营养和健康研究中,反油酸水平和奶制品摄入量较高的人患2型糖尿病的风险较低,各种心脏代谢标志物也有所改善,而与奶制品无关的反亚油酸(反18:2异构体)水平则与血脂异常呈正相关。

上海女士健康研究也发现鲜牛奶有心脏代谢保护作用,每天喝200 g以上鲜牛奶的女士发生2型糖尿病的风险降低了54%。

而在上述中国台湾研究中,血浆总反式脂肪酸水平较高的人,更容易患代谢综合征。

作者指出,我国评估反式脂肪酸和心脏代谢疾病相关性的研究仍较少,未来尤其需要在奶制品摄入量不同的人群以及喜欢西式饮食的人群中开展相关研究。

遗传研究

研究者发现,某些脂肪酸相关的基因变异可能会改变中国人群的疾病易感性。

例如,FADS1-rs174550与HDL-C水平较低有关,而当亚油酸和α-亚麻酸水平较低时,两者之间的相关性更强,说明这一基因变异对血脂异常的不良影响与多不饱和脂肪酸摄入较少有关。

原始出处:Sun L, Zong G, Li H, et al. Fatty acids and cardiometabolic health: a review of studies in Chinese populations. Eur J Clin Nutr, 14 August 2020.

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    2021-10-26 ms6000001916998095

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    2020-08-27 14818eb4m67暂无昵称

    学习了

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  7. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1063952, encodeId=221810639521a, content=学习打卡, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=47, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=7c175618469, createdName=ms6000001916998095, createdTime=Tue Oct 26 07:05:32 CST 2021, time=2021-10-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1689377, encodeId=a88916893e703, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a8f3205636d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#不饱和脂肪酸#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=48, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=20563, encryptionId=a8f3205636d, topicName=不饱和脂肪酸)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c7f928794244, createdName=12498ca5m92暂无昵称, createdTime=Sat Apr 24 18:55:08 CST 2021, time=2021-04-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1932155, encodeId=2dfa193215523, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=286810126909' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#饱和脂肪酸#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=55, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=101269, encryptionId=286810126909, topicName=饱和脂肪酸)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=b96f328, createdName=wwzzly, createdTime=Sat Nov 14 06:55:08 CST 2020, time=2020-11-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=813839, encodeId=54898138397d, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=106, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=64245268311, createdName=14818eb4m67暂无昵称, createdTime=Thu Aug 27 08:29:34 CST 2020, time=2020-08-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1378731, encodeId=ce5c13e87312d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d27b430265e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#多不饱和脂肪酸#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=43026, encryptionId=d27b430265e, topicName=多不饱和脂肪酸)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=284b425, createdName=zll0625, createdTime=Fri Aug 21 15:55:08 CST 2020, time=2020-08-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1580011, encodeId=44f215800116f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=65f0101268d6' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#饱和脂肪#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=101268, encryptionId=65f0101268d6, topicName=饱和脂肪)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=b0db16571375, createdName=斯嘉莉, createdTime=Fri Aug 21 15:55:08 CST 2020, time=2020-08-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=811377, encodeId=3fe58113e736, content= 主要是我们现在的饮食方式使我们摄入的omega-3脂肪酸严重不足,所以多补充海产品来源的n-3多不饱和脂肪酸(如EPA、DHA)好处多多,不仅可以保护我们的心血管,降低糖尿病发病率,还可以保护我们的大脑,对大脑很好。<a href='/topic/show?id=2766133286b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Omega-3脂肪酸#</a> <a href='/topic/show?id=7283103802e6' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#多不饱和脂肪酸(如EPA、DHA)#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=137, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=13328, encryptionId=2766133286b, topicName=Omega-3脂肪酸), TopicDto(id=103802, encryptionId=7283103802e6, topicName=多不饱和脂肪酸(如EPA、DHA))], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20211019/df01a4bfb64246379ddfef3370d04115/e1274c8eb5e440918f56f83bcfea9031.jpg, createdBy=3a345397082, createdName=Jessica, createdTime=Thu Aug 20 11:26:13 CST 2020, time=2020-08-20, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2020-08-20 Jessica

    主要是我们现在的饮食方式使我们摄入的omega-3脂肪酸严重不足,所以多补充海产品来源的n-3多不饱和脂肪酸(如EPA、DHA)好处多多,不仅可以保护我们的心血管,降低糖尿病发病率,还可以保护我们的大脑,对大脑很好。#Omega-3脂肪酸# #多不饱和脂肪酸(如EPA、DHA)#

    0

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