首项临终关怀与免疫检查点抑制剂研究,关注无效或过度免疫治疗

2019-06-23 褚倩教授 肿瘤资讯

在细胞毒性化疗时代,终末期接受积极住院抗肿瘤治疗,与更差的死亡质量相关。然而,在免疫治疗(immunotherapy,IO)时代,人们对于新的免疫治疗药物对终末期(end of life ,EOL)治疗的影响知之甚少。本研究的目的是评估接受免疫检查点抑制剂治疗转移性肿瘤患者的临终关怀治疗的疗效。

临终关怀与免疫检查点抑制剂  第一作者: Hazel O’Sullivan, Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland

背景

在细胞毒性化疗时代,终末期接受积极住院抗肿瘤治疗,与更差的死亡质量相关。然而,在免疫治疗(immunotherapy,IO)时代,人们对于新的免疫治疗药物对终末期(end of life ,EOL)治疗的影响知之甚少。本研究的目的是评估接受免疫检查点抑制剂治疗转移性肿瘤患者的临终关怀治疗的疗效。

方法

对2013年1月至2018年12月在Cork University Hospital (CUH)以及Mercy University Hospital (MUH) 中接受了PD-1/L1或CTLA-4抗体治疗的患者进行了回顾性分析,进行临床试验的患者被排除在外。

结果

在上述6年内,CUH及MUH共224名患者接受免疫检查点抑制剂治疗(不包含临床研究)。其中108名患者死亡,102名患者的电子病例信息可供分析。在这102名患者中,包含转移性黑色素瘤57例,非小细胞肺癌33例,肾细胞癌8例,其他进展期恶性肿瘤患者4例。女性患者占43%,男性患者占57%。 6%的患者在诊断时的ECOG评分(PS)为0分,80%患者为1分,另有10%患者为2分。中位死亡年龄为62岁。接受帕博利珠单抗治疗的患者共47例,纳武单抗26例,伊匹木单抗25例,阿特珠单抗2例,另有2例接受了纳武单抗联合伊匹木单抗的治疗。29名患者接受了一线IO,50名为二线,17名三线,6名为四线治疗。接受IO的中位周期数为4(范围1-41)。终止IO最常见的原因包括疾病进展(62%)、PS评分下降(14%)。102名患者中的16名患者在免疫治疗后进行了后线的系统性治疗。接受末次IO至患者死亡的中位时间为57天。 20名患者(20%)在末次IO后30天内死亡。这20名患者接受IO的中位周期数为2(范围1-7),其中8名患者仅接受了1周期IO。39名患者(38%)在临终前1个月内曾急诊室就诊。 47名患者(46%)在临终前最后一个月内至少一次接受住院治疗,平均住院时间为6天(范围1-30),22名患者在院内死亡。4%患者转诊接受姑息治疗,接受姑息治疗至死亡的中位时间为64天(范围1-1010),62%患者在宁养院死亡。

结论

尽管姑息治疗早期介入,但接受免疫治疗的进展期肿瘤患者仍有较高的住院率及急诊就诊率。20%患者在接受IO的30天内死亡。仍需要更多的研究来帮助医师们鉴别出IO获益可能性较小的患者,从而避免无效的治疗。

专家点评

自2011年Ipilimumab由FDA批准在美国上市,到2018年Nivolumab在中国获批上市,抗肿瘤治疗已进入免疫治疗的新时代。免疫治疗作为新一代抗肿瘤治疗方法,改变了肿瘤治疗的现状,部分患者可以从其中获得长期、持久的疾病缓解。今年ASCO报道的KEYNOTE-001研究5年随访数据进一步证实,PD-1单抗在PD-L1≥50%的初治和经治患者中的5年OS率分别达到29.6%和25%,且没有观察到新的远期毒性。临床医生普遍认为免疫治疗与传统化疗相比,是一种安全、毒副反应较小,且可能使部分患者长期获益的治疗方式。

鉴于免疫治疗目前多用于转移性晚期肿瘤患者,其与临终关怀治疗间的关系与取舍也是临床医生经常需要面对的现实问题。但迄今为止,尚未见到有关免疫治疗与临终关怀治疗间关系的报道,本研究是第一项有关终末期肿瘤患者免疫治疗情况的回顾性分析。研究分析了爱尔兰两家医疗中心102名接受免疫治疗的进展期肿瘤患者的临终关怀治疗情况,发现72%患者将免疫治疗作为二线及以上治疗,甚至有20%患者在接受末次免疫治疗的30天内死亡。尽管这些患者在接受免疫治疗的早期阶段就接受了姑息支持治疗,但他们在临终前一月内仍有较高的住院率(46%)和急诊就诊率(38%)。

较高的住院率和急诊就诊率降低了终末期肿瘤患者的生活质量,同时也降低了治疗的费效比。这样的真实世界回顾性数据提示我们思考:在终末期肿瘤患者中进行免疫治疗一定是合适的吗?在PS评分较差的患者中,临床医生该如何权衡免疫治疗的疗效与安全性?在终末期肿瘤患者的治疗中,如何实现停止免疫治疗至患者死亡的高质量转化?因此,在终末期肿瘤患者中如何正确识别免疫治疗的目标人群显得尤为重要,肿瘤科医生不仅要深入了解患者可能从免疫治疗中的获益,同时对于相关的副反应、费效比等也要有深刻的认识。我们仍需要更多研究以筛选出真正从免疫治疗中获益的人群,同时更多地关注肿瘤患者的终末期治疗,以避免无效或过度的免疫治疗。

褚倩教授、主任医师、博士生导师,华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院胸部肿瘤科  副主任,中国医疗保健国际交流促进会肿瘤姑息治疗与人文关怀分会副主任委员、秘书长,中国临床肿瘤学会非小细胞肺癌专家委员会 委员,中国临床肿瘤学会免疫治疗专家委员会  委员,中国抗癌协会青年理事会  常务理事,湖北省临床肿瘤学会青年专家委员会  主任委员。

赵雪琪主治医师,临床医学博士,华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院 肿瘤科,湖北省临床肿瘤学会青年专家委员会  委员。

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    2020-01-18 jklm09
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    2019-06-24 bbjsj_1984
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    2019-06-23 xzj1322007

    可以把reference推送吗?

    0

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