JNER:肌营养不良患者神经肌肉受试者手臂功能辅助系统:一项随机对照研究

2021-09-09 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

肌营养不良症(MDs)是指一组以进行性加重的肌无力和支配运动的肌肉变性为特征的遗传性疾病群。肌营养不良症包括先天性肌营养不良症。部分肌营养不良症会导致运动受损甚至瘫痪。临床上主要表现为不同程度和分布的

肌营养不良症(MDs)是指一组以进行性加重的肌无力和支配运动的肌肉变性为特征的遗传性疾病群。肌营养不良症包括先天性肌营养不良症。部分肌营养不良症会导致运动受损甚至瘫痪。临床上主要表现为不同程度和分布的进行性加重的骨骼肌萎缩和无力。 

大多数MDs患者最终会丧失行走能力,手臂功能经常受损。患有MD的人的日常生活活动(ADL)和社会参与可能会受到严重限制。如果得不到支持,他们的日常生活能力可能会受到严重限制。大多数MDs的近端或肩部肌肉的质量大于远端肌肉。它会导致手臂逆重力运动的损伤。因此,这种情况会导致运动范围(ROM)和功能性运动的损失。手部功能可以部分保留。在这种情况下,MDs患者可以从手臂支撑系统中获益,以补偿他们手臂的重量。然而,恢复MDs患者用上肢完成日常任务的能力仍然是一个棘手的问题。

 

近几十年来,在上肢辅助装置(ADs)领域做出了一些努力。大多数研究主要针对MD患者以及不同神经肌肉疾病患者(例如肌萎缩侧索硬化症、脊髓肌萎缩症)。很少有研究针对MD患者,尤其是Duchenne MD)。到目前为止,科学界主要关注更广泛、发展更迅速和更严重的疾病(如Duchenne MD、脊髓性肌萎缩症、肌萎缩侧索硬化症),而不是缓慢发展的疾病(如Becker MD)。

从客观和主观两方面对上肢辅助装置(ADs)的有效性进行了评估。总的来说,由于ADs的出现,患者的自信、尊严和参与社交活动的能力都有所提高,在一些活动中独立性也有所提高。考虑到客观的衡量标准,ADs导致了整体性能的提高。此外,通过Jebsen手功能测试评估完成ADL所需的时间减少了。本论文旨在对手臂重力补偿的两个商业ADs进行严格的临床测试。对诊断为MD的患者进行了交叉设计的随机对照试验(RCT)。该项目的目标是(i)评估被动和半主动装置对MD患者上肢功能的改善(ii)比较这两种不同技术对手臂功能的影响。本文发表在《Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation》。

使用两种商业ADs((Jaeco)和(Armon))进行实验。Jaeco是一种被动的身体动力反重力外骨骼。它旨在增强上肢神经肌肉残疾患者的运动能力。使用弹性带来平衡和帮助三维运动抵抗重力的影响。而Armon是一种半主动重力补偿解决方案。入组后,参与者接受基线评估。之后,他们(随机)被分配到被动或半主动装置。经过培训的操作员将设备安装在患者的轮椅上,并对其进行定制,以提高患者的舒适度。每个设备都安装在患者自己选择的手臂上。患者在进行ADL时,在理疗师的监督下使用该设备进行2至4小时的训练。然后鼓励参与者在接下来的三天(干预期)内使用该设备,同时在桌上执行ADL。

Jaeco和Armon康复装置

特别是,他们被要求每天佩戴该装置约4小时。典型的活动包括在键盘上打字、使用平板电脑、喝酒、吃饭、下棋等。在三天的训练后,在两台设备都重复了评估程序。在评估之前,询问参与者是否按照建议使用了该设备,他们进行了确认。这两种装置的使用情况没有差异。鉴于未预见到该病理学的训练效果。方案的两个部分依次进行,控制方案的第二阶段在剩余能力方面以相同的基线条件开始,时间为1-2周。

我们使用PUL模块(主要结果测量)评估了外部评估的功能状况。它包括22个项目。第一个表示定义起始功能级别的条目项。21项细分为肩部水平(4项)、肘部水平(9项)和手腕和手指水平(8项)。结果以0-74分的分数表示,分数越高表示功能能力评估越高。使用Abilihand问卷评估了自我感觉的功能状况,要求参与者提供他们感觉到的执行22个典型ADL的困难。每个项目的可能答案是“容易”、“困难”或“不可能”。该问卷按照Vandervelde及其同事的指南进行分析。分数越高表示感知的手动能力越高。

实验流程

用系统可用性量表(SUS)调查了设备可用性。它是一个十项量表,提供了对有用性的主观评估的全局视图,作为系统有效性、效能和满意度的组合。得分根据Bangor的指南进行解释。结果以0-100%的分数表示,分数越高表示设备可用性越高。在所有评估结束时,收集了定性反馈。事实上,向患者提出了一份最终的定性问卷来比较这两种设备。让参与者选择他们更喜欢哪种设备来执行一些日常任务,并询问他们对设备易用性和设计的看法。他们可以在被动、半主动、两种设备和两种设备之间进行选择。还收集了患者希望与研究人员分享的任何口头反馈。

结果显示,大多数患者通过使用手臂支撑改善了上肢功能(PUL评分中值增加1-3分)。然而,每个装置的有效性与最终用户的剩余上肢能力水平有关。轻度受损的患者在没有或有辅助装置的情况下保持相同的独立性,即使他们报告两种装置的肌肉疲劳都有所减轻。中度受损患者使用这两种装置增强了他们的手臂功能,使用半主动装置获得了更高的改善(平均PUL分数增加9分)。严重受损的受试者仅受益于半主动装置(中位PUL分数增加12分)。强度不足被认为是被动装置的障碍。

轻度受损患者(即2.5<MRC≤4) 在使用这两种设备时,没有显示出明显的临床变化。他们主要认为他们在有无ADs的情况下具有相同的上肢能力。一些患者报告说,手臂支撑限制了他们可实现的工作量。特别是,被动装置阻止他们伸展躯干,因此,当他们必须到达远处时,他们感到不舒服。但是,他们中的一些人发现这些ADs有益于需要抬臂(如梳头、剃须)或举重的活动。实验后一个常见的评论是,由于手臂的支撑,他们减少了手臂疲劳,提高了耐力。

所有参与者三角肌和肱二头肌的MRC值频率直方图

中度受损组,两种ADs都获得了显著的改善,减少了PUL模块检测到的代偿运动。使用这两种ADs可以改善上肢功能。事实上,在Abilihand问卷调查中,患者报告说,有手臂支撑比没有帮助更容易采取行动。然而,在Abilihand问卷中发现的改善仅在使用半主动装置时具有统计学意义。此外,在最终问卷中,大多数中度受损患者报告了对半主动装置的更大偏好,证明了这种偏好的合理性,因为他们在进行课桌活动(如写作、键盘打字)时感觉受到被动装置的限制。这表明半主动装置对手臂力量适度减弱的患者更为有益。最后,在严重受损患者中,这两种装置显示出不同的效果。事实上,PUL强调的临床益处仅在使用半主动装置时是高且显著的。然而,这些受试者认为使用这两种设备更容易完成更多动作。然而,使用半主动式,他们可以达到更高水平的上肢能力。

对向患者提出的最终满意度问卷的回应

这项研究表明,辅助设备可以改善患有肌营养不良症患者的生活质量。 对于中重度患者。需要进一步研究,以增加关于手臂支持对退化性疾病患者的生活质量和疾病进展的影响的证据。

Longatelli, V., Antonietti, A., Biffi, E. et al. User-centred assistive SystEm for arm Functions in neUromuscuLar subjects (USEFUL): a randomized controlled study. J NeuroEngineering Rehabil 18, 4 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12984-020-00794-z

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    2021-09-27 amyloid
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    2021-09-10 肿瘤克星

    高质量研究,读起来真爽,谢谢梅斯

    0

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近日,来自明尼苏达大学医学院的科学家们通过研究开发了一种新方法,能通过名为畸胎瘤的良性肿瘤为肌营养不良症的小鼠机体再生骨骼肌细胞,相关研究刊登于国际杂志Cell Stem Cell上。

Sci Adv:CRISPR再入新领域!肌营养不良症的基因治疗或可成真!

以CRISPR/Cas9为基础的基因编辑技术在艾滋病、血液病、肿瘤等多种遗传性疾病的基因治疗领域中展现出极大的应用前景。杜氏肌营养不良是一种X染色体隐性遗传疾病,医学界尚无有效疗法。近日,有研究人员指出,CRISPR/Cas9可用于杜氏肌营养不良症的基因治疗,打破该病无药可治无法可医的局面。

Cell Stem Cell:福音!研究人员攻克肌营养不良症干细胞治疗的难关!

肌营养不良症是一组以进行性加重的肌无力和支配运动的肌肉变性为特征的遗传性疾病群。干细胞移植治疗是把健康的干细胞移植到患者体内,以达到修复或替换受损细胞或组织,从而达到治愈的目的。近日,研究人员成功攻克了肌营养不良症干细胞治疗的难关,为肌营养不良症患者带来福音。