JAMA Netw Open:BMI≥26多囊卵巢综合征患者,二甲双胍可提高临床妊娠率

2020-08-05 探索菌 生物探索

多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)是最常见的内分泌疾病之一,与生殖和代谢疾病相关,影响9%至18%的女性。根据世界卫生组织统计,PCOS属于排卵障碍II类,约占无排卵性不孕女性的80%。

多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)是最常见的内分泌疾病之一,与生殖和代谢疾病相关,影响9%至18%的女性。根据世界卫生组织统计,PCOS属于排卵障碍II类,约占无排卵性不孕女性的80%。1953年,PCOS首次被描述,但至今在生殖医学领域仍是难解之题。

PCOS的临床表现包括不孕、肥胖、促性腺激素分泌不当(即循环性黄体生成激素水平升高)、妊娠并发症、血管疾病和心理问题。另外,代谢特征,特别是胰岛素抵抗伴随代偿性高胰岛素血症,在这一疾病的女性中很常见。研究发现,靶向胰岛素抵抗可改善患有PCOS女性的排卵和生育能力。在过去的几十年中,这一认识促使了研究人员进行了许多胰岛素增敏剂(尤其是二甲双胍)在治疗PCOS中可能发挥作用的研究。

二甲双胍,一直有“神药”之称。它是临床上常用的口服降糖药,也是常见的胰岛素增敏剂。其药理学原理是抑制小肠部位葡萄糖的吸收,降低肝脏合成葡萄糖,增加肌肉等外周组织对胰岛素的敏感性,改善胰岛素抵抗,降低高雄激素血症,腰/臀比得到改善,体重指数(BMI)也有所下降。

1990年代,一系列涉及较小规模的头对头试验的研究表明,二甲双胍可以降低接受辅助生殖技术(ART)周期的PCOS女性的胰岛素抵抗,增加排卵并改善结局。

然而,二甲双胍在PCOS治疗中的确切作用仍是争议不断。一些随机临床试验(RCT)表明,与安慰剂相比,二甲双胍与显着较高排卵率相关联。但其他研究显示相反的结果。此外,多个RCT评估了二甲双胍在临床妊娠、活产率和早孕自然流产率中的作用,并观察了卵巢过度刺激综合征(OHSS)的风险。类似的许多研究表明,二甲双胍提高了临床妊娠和活产率,改善了流产率和着床率,降低了OHSS的风险。但是,其他研究也表明,二甲双胍与妊娠、活产和流产没有关联。

尽管到目前为止已经开展了大量的RCT研究,但先前的研究不足以评价二甲双胍在PCOS患者中的作用。为此,JAMA期刊上最新发表的一项研究通过筛选并最终纳入了过往12项随机对照试验,系统地回顾了这些文献并进行荟萃分析,以明确二甲双胍是否与接受体外受精或胞浆内精子注射和胚胎移植(IVF / ICSI-ET)周期的PCOS妇女结局改善相关。

这项荟萃分析的结果表明,二甲双胍与接受IVF / ICSI-ET的PCOS妇女的OHSS发生率降低有关。这种关联的潜在机制尚不清楚。或许是由于血管内皮生长因子的表达下调(OHSS病理生理学中最重要的因素),二甲双胍可能降低OHSS的发生率。还有一些研究表明,二甲双胍可作为高胰岛素血症抑制剂或可降低触发日的雌二醇水平。值得注意的是,该结果显示没有异质性和高质量的证据,表明接受IVF / ICSI-ET的面临高OHSS风险的PCOS患者应考虑二甲双胍联合治疗。

目前,二甲双胍在妊娠期间被广泛使用,但存在地区差异。二甲双胍联合用药在ART周期前和周期内已经成为许多ART诊所治疗方案的一部分。最近的研究表明,二甲双胍可以在妊娠期间通过胎盘循环从母亲体内转运给胎儿体内,其在胎儿脐带血中的浓度接近于母体血中的浓度。此外,二甲双胍治疗不能降低高危女性患妊娠糖尿病的风险。由于二甲双胍在抗细胞生长和促细胞凋亡中的生理作用,因此在妊娠期间应慎重考虑二甲双胍的治疗。

该荟萃分析发现,在进行IVF / ICSI-ET的PCOS患者中,临床妊娠率或活产率与二甲双胍的使用之间没有关联。但是,当根据BMI将参与者分为2个亚组时,结果发现二甲双胍与BMI≥26的PCOS患者的临床妊娠率提高相关。这一结果的潜在机制也不清楚。近期研究发现,二甲双胍可能直接逆转受损的糖酵解并使患有PCOS和子宫内膜增生的女性的线粒体功能正常化,从而进一步改善了受精过程并提高了临床妊娠率。患有PCOS的女性更容易出现肥胖和较高的BMI。另一项荟萃分析总结了47项研究并得出结论,二甲双胍可以降低未患有糖尿病的PCOS患者的甘油三酸酯水平。二甲双胍调节脂质代谢的机制可能是通过改善氧化应激状态。与BMI较低的女性相比,BMI≥26的女性可能会有更多的体内脂肪,并从二甲双胍治疗中获益更多。

在基于二甲双胍治疗持续时间的亚组分析中,结局无明显变化。一项指南指出,在妊娠开始时停止二甲双胍治疗不会影响活产率。但是,一项RCT报告称,从妊娠中期到分娩持续治疗期间,二甲双胍可能会降低晚期流产和早产的发生率。

当然,这项荟萃分析有一定的局限性。总结来说,这项荟萃分析显示,二甲双胍治疗与OHSS风险降低有关,但与接受IVF / ICSI-ET的PCOS患者的总体临床妊娠率或活产率无关。对于BMI大于等于26的PCOS女性,二甲双胍治疗可增加临床妊娠率。所以,对于接受IVF / ICSI-ET治疗的PCOS女性,应谨慎考虑二甲双胍治疗,BMI≥26的患者可能更适合二甲双胍。

原始出处:

Yiqing Wu, Mixue Tu, Yun Huang, et al.Association of Metformin With Pregnancy Outcomes in Women With Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome Undergoing In Vitro Fertilization: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.JAMA Netw Open. 2020 Aug 3;3(8):e2011995. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.11995.

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    2020-11-13 canlab
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    2021-01-03 feather89
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  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1734244, encodeId=4fa71e342448e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d4f412668a4' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#NET#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12668, encryptionId=d4f412668a4, topicName=NET)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=7ea033781210, createdName=canlab, createdTime=Fri Nov 13 03:48:30 CST 2020, time=2020-11-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1728623, encodeId=26fb1e286233d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=986913980dd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#PE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=22, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=13980, encryptionId=986913980dd, topicName=PE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f06c33759375, createdName=feather89, createdTime=Sun Jan 03 11:48:30 CST 2021, time=2021-01-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1718425, encodeId=b7d61e1842565, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5ce04315043' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#多囊卵巢#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=40, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=43150, encryptionId=5ce04315043, topicName=多囊卵巢)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c91632558486, createdName=kalseyzl, createdTime=Tue Jun 01 19:48:30 CST 2021, time=2021-06-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=893441, encodeId=b9e48934412f, content=好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20200805/256894e11d504b70b6a0332b2563e157/6f847f6a94c545ff93436d7ee99b9ff6.jpg, createdBy=3aa95174864, createdName=圆津南, createdTime=Wed Oct 21 05:56:20 CST 2020, time=2020-10-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1431901, encodeId=549b1431901d4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f9b9e9124a8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#综合征#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=79124, encryptionId=f9b9e9124a8, topicName=综合征)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/aLGWoFXAyMbIu3qymFOyheQLjPSX3OUs5GmkyBlcCOwTPIeq3why9NGibxxUqYo6hcx8qZLHZFgNPnBK1yzWeOFpyg2OnWOt0/0, createdBy=fa4716, createdName=zhouqu_8, createdTime=Fri Aug 07 05:48:30 CST 2020, time=2020-08-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1521403, encodeId=565d15214034d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=b5e94490e69' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#妊娠率#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=37, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=44907, encryptionId=b5e94490e69, topicName=妊娠率)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=b18111335498, createdName=yyanpro@25cn.c, createdTime=Fri Aug 07 05:48:30 CST 2020, time=2020-08-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1036202, encodeId=20de1036202d9, content=顶刊就是顶刊,谢谢梅斯带来这么高水平的研究报道,我们科里同事经常看梅斯,分享梅斯上的信息, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=旺医, createdTime=Wed Aug 05 17:48:30 CST 2020, time=2020-08-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1041540, encodeId=82ab104154014, content=二甲双胍,神药!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=misszhang, createdTime=Wed Aug 05 17:48:30 CST 2020, time=2020-08-05, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2020-10-21 圆津南

    0

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    2020-08-05 旺医

    顶刊就是顶刊,谢谢梅斯带来这么高水平的研究报道,我们科里同事经常看梅斯,分享梅斯上的信息

    0

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    2020-08-05 misszhang

    二甲双胍,神药!

    0

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