刘健教授:中国生物类似药接轨国际标准,满足乳腺癌患者可负担的用药需求

2020-06-22 佚名 肿瘤资讯

乳腺癌是女性发病率最高的恶性肿瘤,5年生存率约为70%~90%,也是女性癌症死亡的头号原因。HER2阳性乳腺癌约占全部乳腺癌患者的25%,是乳腺癌中的主要亚型之一。

乳腺癌是女性发病率最高的恶性肿瘤,5年生存率约为70%~90%,也是女性癌症死亡的头号原因。HER2阳性乳腺癌约占全部乳腺癌患者的25%,是乳腺癌中的主要亚型之一。目前,虽然抗HER2治疗能够显着改善这部分患者的预后,但由于药物可及性因素,仍有部分患者无法获得抗HER2治疗,而随着中国生物类似药的强势崛起,未来抗HER2治疗的肿瘤药物可及性将得到极大提高。

抗HER2治疗的重要性

乳腺癌进入靶向治疗时代。2011年乳腺癌开始分子分型,其中,HER2阳性乳腺癌约占总体的25%,是乳腺癌中极为庞大的一类群体。如今,乳腺癌治疗已经进入精准医疗,HER2既是乳腺癌的驱动基因又是抗HER2靶点,因而,抗HER2治疗是HER2阳性乳腺癌的最重要治疗手段。国内外各大指南均推荐抗HER2药物为HER2阳性乳腺癌的标准治疗药物。

国产曲妥珠单抗等生物类似药的开发

新型生物制品的研发,是当前全球的热门话题,而其研发的关键是获得人体试验的安全性和有效性数据,生物类似药要与参照药进行头对头的对比,取得相似性的全面且完整的证据,包括分析科学特性(理化特性、生物学活性、纯度和杂质、免疫学特性、质量指标、稳定性等等)、非临床试验和临床试验,甚至对宿主细胞、制剂处方、规格和内包装材料也要进行比对。

生物类似药的研发基于逐步递进的原则,依赖全面的“比对研究”建立起候选药物与参照药的相似性,需要将候选药物与参照药进行全面的头对头比对研究,包括分析科学、非临床和临床比对研究。与生物创新药的开发重点不同,生物类似药的开发中,药学分析相似性是开发成功的关键,对于生物类似药,在开展临床试验之前进行的药学比对及非临床比对研究已经能够充分说明其与原研药的相似性,临床试验的目的是进一步消除关于相似性的任何不确定性,以证明二者之间在安全有效性上的等效性。整个过程十分全面、严格,唯有每一步的相似性均成立的前提下,才能以生物类似药品类获批。

国产曲妥珠单抗生物类似药临床试验设计

临床比对研究通常从药代动力学和/或药效学比对试验研究开始,根据其相似性评价结果再考虑后续开展临床有效性比对试验。研究设计应当以证明候选药与原研药的相似性为目的,进行科学合理的研究设计,在有合理科学依据的前提下,尽可能的简化研究,降低成本。当前国内外曲妥珠单抗生物类似药的临床研发多为一项药代动力学比对研究和一项临床安全有效性比对研究。

对于临床有效性和安全性比对研究的人群选择HER2阳性MBC一线治疗患者和HER2阳性EBC新辅助患者都是可以选择的研究人群,pCR和ORR分别为HER2阳性早期乳腺癌新辅助治疗和转移性乳腺癌一线治疗的敏感的疗效终点指标,可作为曲妥珠单抗生物类似药临床有效性比对研究的主要终点。界值选择方面,等效界值可基于参照药治疗效应的置信区间下限估算得到,参照药治疗效应则是参照药组与对照组的疗效比值/差值。

国产曲妥珠单抗生物类似药接轨国际标准

欧盟是世界上最早制定生物类似药指导原则的地区,因而欧洲也是全球生物类似药最主要的竞技场,全球顶尖的生物类似药公司都在此同场竞技。欧洲药品管理局(EMA)对于生物类似药上市有非常严格的监管规则。我国的生物类似药起步相对较晚,但是近年来进展很快。复宏汉霖的 HLX02是首款在中国研发,欧盟和中国同步申报上市的生物类似药,这对中国生物类似药的研发具有示范作用和重大的意义。

复宏汉霖在中国生物类似药技术标准还未出台的时候就开始参照欧盟标准研发生物类似药。HLX02采取中欧双报,已在欧盟获得积极审评意见,是国际权威药监机构对“中国制造”的生物类似药的高度认可。同时,高品质生物类似药也让临床医生和患者在治疗选择时更放心。在临床决策中,药物的疗效、安全性和患者的经济能力等都是重点考虑的因素。正是因为复宏汉霖HLX02生物类似药在研发时的高标准,生产时的高质量,让医生更有信心,让患者对治疗更放心。

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    2020-06-22 ms20000019

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