JEADV:使用广谱喹诺酮类抗菌药物来治疗痤疮?

2021-11-12 医路坦克 MedSci原创

在抗菌素耐药时代,我们是否应该考虑使用广谱喹诺酮类抗菌药物来治疗痤疮?

     在抗菌素耐药时代,我们是否应该考虑使用广谱喹诺酮类抗菌药物来治疗痤疮?

     痤疮丙酸杆菌仍然是与痤疮相关的最常见的微生物,系统型别的确定及其与一些耐药谱系的潜在相关性将引起人们的兴趣,特别是对IA1和克隆性复合体CC3。临床上已经发现大量对红霉素和克林霉素的耐药性。根据研究大约75%的痤疮样本中的痤疮菌株对红霉素具有抗药性(主要是由于点突变,特别是A2059G突变),对四环素的抗药性不到15%。然而,法国指南不建议再使用局部抗生素的单一疗法,特别是广谱抗生素,因为突变选择的风险。

     最近在日本报道了氟喹诺酮类耐药株。此外,扁平革兰氏菌可以表现出低水平或高水平的氟喹诺酮耐药,很容易从低水平耐药株中选择高水平耐药株,使用的广谱抗生素越多,选择耐药突变株的风险就越大。事实上,在日常生活中已经证明了抗菌素处方和抗菌素耐药性的出现之间的关系。

     Nenoff等人报道了低MIC的奈地沙星的显著疗效,但他们没有讨论这种药物对皮肤微生物区系的潜在影响。像奈地沙星这样的广谱药物对表皮葡萄球菌、凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌,特别是表皮葡萄球菌、棒状杆菌等暂时性微生物区系(如金黄色葡萄球菌、化脓性链球菌)有一定的影响。奈地沙星可能不仅可以有效地抑制微生物的增殖,而且表现出抗脂肪生成和抗炎活性,以防止痤疮疤痕的形成,Jacobs和Appelbaum强调了长期和频繁间歇使用局部药物导致耐药性增加的风险。此外,经过治疗,耐药皮肤微生物区系可能保持着一个耐药性基因库,这些基因库可以转移到皮肤生态系统的复杂微生物群落中。因此,风险在于选择严格的病原体,如金黄色葡萄球菌或化脓性葡萄球菌,病原体对氟喹诺酮的敏感性已经较低,有时对第一种病原体产生多重耐药性,从而导致真正的失败或难以治疗感染。因此,明智地使用抗生素仍然是保持有价值的抗菌剂活性的唯一关键点,这些抗菌剂对严重的传染病特别有意义。

    最后,该研究认为我们需要在皮肤表面和分子水平上保持痤疮球菌和表皮葡萄球菌之间的微妙平衡。事实上,通过消除皮肤对氟喹诺酮类药物敏感的表皮葡萄球菌菌株,我们坚信痤疮葡萄球菌和表皮葡萄球菌之间的相互作用可以被破坏。因此,皮肤动态平衡的调节将是至关重要的(痤疮链球菌通过维持毛囊的酸性pH、水解甘油三酯和分泌丙酸来抑制表皮葡萄球菌的生长,而表皮葡萄球菌则通过抗菌肽或通过释放琥珀酸和控制痤疮链球菌的生长来抑制痤疮链球菌的生长。粉刺引起的炎症)。

    总而言之,预防抗菌素耐药性的最佳策略仍然是尽可能限制痤疮疾病的抗生素治疗,特别是广谱抗生素治疗。事实上,痤疮病更有可能是一种炎症和免疫反应增强的生物失调疾病。应该研究重新平衡面部或背部皮肤生态系统的新方法,使痤疮念珠菌的种型具有更高的多样性。

文献来源:Ruffier d'Epenoux L,  Guillouzouic A,  Bémer P, Should we consider broad-spectrum quinolone antibacterial agent as acne treatment in the antimicrobial resistance era?J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2021 Oct 08

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    2021-11-14 lhlxtx

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