外媒:美国辉瑞等疫苗受益于中国科学家对病毒全基因组测序

2020-12-07 央视新闻客户端 央视新闻客户端

新冠肺炎疫情还在全球蔓延,抗击疫情需要全球携手应对,需要各国科研人员通力合作。英国《卫报》12月6日发文追溯了全球科学家从发现病毒结构到疫苗研究的最新进展,并认为中国疾病预防控制中心传染病所研究员、上

新冠肺炎疫情还在全球蔓延,抗击疫情需要全球携手应对,需要各国科研人员通力合作。英国《卫报》12月6日发文追溯了全球科学家从发现病毒结构到疫苗研究的最新进展,并认为中国疾病预防控制中心传染病所研究员、上海市(复旦大学附属)公共卫生临床中心兼职教授张永振及其团队早期对病毒结构的研究为全球抗击病毒作出了重要贡献。

中国科学家研究成果为科学界提供“反击病毒的机会”

报道称,1月3日,张永振团队收到装着病患拭子的盒子,该病患患有一种罕见的、有时会致命的呼吸系统疾病。医疗部门想了解导致病例数急剧上升的原因以及这种疾病的传播方式。

在接下来的48小时里,张永振团队几乎不间断地工作,使用先进测序仪破解了病毒的RNA基因片段,认为正是这种RNA导致了病毒的暴发。解码这种RNA的2.8万个字母可以解析这种新病原体的性质和行为。

1月5日,张永振团队从标本中检测出一种新型冠状病毒,并通过高通量测序获得了该病毒的全基因组序列。随后几天内,张永振团队将研究结果公布在《病毒学组织》网站(virological.org)上,成为全球最早公布该病毒序列的团队。

通过对病毒的基因组测序,张永振团队为科学家分离和复制病毒的各个片段,并利用这些片段研发疫苗提供了至关重要的信息。《卫报》援引布里斯托尔大学教授亚当·芬恩的观点称,张永振的研究“对随后发生的事情至关重要。没有他提供的信息,就没有人能开始研制疫苗”。

《卫报》还评论称,张永振团队的发现不仅仅是简单地指出了病毒将会引发混乱和死亡,其团队对病毒结构的早期破解更是为科学界提供了一个反击病毒的机会,为疫苗研究提供了可能。

病毒全基因组序列为疫苗研发提供可能

《卫报》称,在(新冠病毒)Sars-CoV-2复制过程中扮演关键角色的刺突蛋白迅速成为大多数疫苗制造商关注的焦点。研究人员推断,如果能帮助人体产生一种强大的免疫反应,阻止刺突蛋白进入人体细胞,病毒的发展就会停止。但要做到这一点,需找到将刺突蛋白片段植入体内的方法,来刺激人体产生与之对抗的抗体。大多数新冠疫苗项目都采用了这一策略,尽管采用方式有所不同。

研发RNA疫苗来对抗癌症的德国生物新技术公司意识到可以将自身的专业知识应用到抗击新冠疫情的战斗中。通过使用张永振团队提供的基因序列,由美国辉瑞制药有限公司支持的德国生物新技术公司将病毒刺突蛋白的RNA编码片段打包并注射到人体中。这些RNA液滴被人体细胞吸收后,会指示人体细胞复制机制制造刺突蛋白颗粒。当这一过程被人体免疫系统发现时,就会触发抗体的产生。

《卫报》称,美国莫德纳公司在生产疫苗时也采用了类似的方法。

伦敦帝国理工学院教授彼得·奥本肖表示:“这是一种新颖的技术,但也是一种非常简单的技术。科研人员只需制造一段RNA的化学链,然后把它植入人体内。这是德国生物新技术公司和莫德纳公司如此迅速取得成果的一个关键原因。”

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