新型冠状病毒感染肺炎的中医治疗与辩证过程

2020-01-29 不详 网络

25日中午传来好消息,北京第2例冠状病毒肺炎患者经中药治疗出院!这是继大年三十(24日)经中药治疗痊愈的第二例新型肺炎患者。在此之前北京首例新型肺炎患者经中药治疗痊愈!此消息一出,大家纷纷留言道:虽然,中医药只是参与其中的过程,还不一定能直接说明中医药就能完全治疗新型冠状病毒感染。但是,不能否认中医药在其中的重要作用。当年SARS,中医发挥了较好的作用。而现在这个病毒与SARS也是同源的。由中国科

25日中午传来好消息,北京第2例冠状病毒肺炎患者经中药治疗出院!

这是继大年三十(24日)经中药治疗痊愈的第二例新型肺炎患者。

在此之前北京首例新型肺炎患者经中药治疗痊愈!

此消息一出,大家纷纷留言道:


虽然,中医药只是参与其中的过程,还不一定能直接说明中医药就能完全治疗新型冠状病毒感染。但是,不能否认中医药在其中的重要作用。当年SARS,中医发挥了较好的作用。而现在这个病毒与SARS也是同源的。

由中国科学院院士、中国中医科学院首席研究员仝小林,广东省中医院副院长张忠德,中国中医科学院西苑医院呼吸科主任苗青,首都医科大学附属北京中医医院呼吸科主任兼肺病研究室主任王玉光组成的高级别中医专家组已经抵达武汉。针对病人的情况进行考察,决定治疗方案,并拟定了第四版治疗方案,中医药治疗是其中的重要组成部分。

受国家中医药管理局、国家卫生健康委医政医管局联合指派,北京中医医院院长刘清泉与中国中医科学院广安门医院急诊科主任齐文升于1月21日中午抵达武汉,作为第一批中医专家参与到抗击新型冠状病毒肺炎战役中。

中医如何对该病进行辩证的呢?

通过问诊及当地专家介绍,患者有以发热前来就诊的,但体温不高,还有一部分患者没有发热症状,而更多的表现为乏力、倦怠、食欲不好,甚至出现一些恶心、胸闷、脘痞、大便溏泻等症状;绝大部分患者都有咽干、咽痛的表现,有些病人还伴随干咳无痰。这个过程一般持续5~7天,期间患者不发热或仅有低热,体温多在37℃多一点,很少超过38.5℃。

如果这个时期,患者体温持续在37℃~38℃,六七天以后,经过治疗,患者一般会逐渐会进入恢复期。但如果这个时期的两三天内,患者突然体温达到39℃以上,病情往往一下子就还会进入危重症状态,喘憋气急,氧合很差,肺部CT检查有大量的渗出。

新型冠状病毒肺炎的舌象,不管舌苔偏黄还是偏白,但总的呈厚腻苔。我们了解到武汉的气候状态,一个是阴雨,一个是湿冷。尽管较以往冬天,温度偏高一些,但没有阳光。结合患者的舌苔、脉象、症状,我们判断其病因属性以“湿”为主,湿困脾闭肺,气机升降失司,湿毒化热、阳明腑实,湿毒瘀热内闭,热深厥深。目前因为各地的新型冠状病毒肺炎都是武汉输入性病例,所以病人的病因属性和病机特点不会有太大变化。

如果会有一些轻微的差异,要结合当地的特点“因地制宜”,与热结合而成湿热,与寒结合形成寒湿,与燥结合而成燥湿……但总归 “湿毒”是新型冠状病毒肺炎患者的核心。

所以,我们在制定方案的时候,就考虑早期如何化湿,以防湿邪郁闭以后化热,进入阳明,腑实不通,会加重肺气的郁闭。因为阳明属于肠,肺与大肠相表里,这样肺的症状就会更加严重。阳明腑实证重了以后,湿就极易化成湿毒,湿、热、毒、瘀合并,就容易出现热深厥深,导致多器官功能障碍综合征(MODS)。

我们看到的一些用上了呼吸机、用上了ECMO的危重患者,往往表现为胸腹灼热、手足逆冷,处于脓毒症休克的状态。所以,早期正确、及时地化湿,然后通腑泄浊,是治疗这个病的一个关键环节。根据上述原则,我们选用麻杏薏甘汤、升降散、达原饮、厚朴夏苓汤、藿香正气散、银翘散等方剂为基本方,拟定了基本的中医治疗方案。

在实际使用过程中,根据具体情况,医生适当调整一下药味和剂量,就可以达到较好的治疗效果。患者反应吃完药后,身体轻松了,乏力减轻了,胸憋减轻了,食欲也开始好转,体温开始逐渐下降。目前,也有针对重症患者的中医治疗方案,重症病人有的是以高热(邪毒闭肺)为主,有的人是以内闭外脱为主,应根据不同情况,辨证用药。

在回京前,我又随国家卫健委指派的相关专家去安徽省进行督察,在合肥传染医院查看了安徽的3例病人,其证候与武汉的病人基本一致。我建议将安徽传染病医院收治的病人尽早加强中西医结合治疗,并结合患者情况根据《新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎诊疗方案(试行第三版)》开了处方。

近年来,不管是流感,还是其他原因引起的一些传染病,“湿邪”这么严重的特点,神术散、达原饮、藿香正气、甘露消毒丹等这一类方子更是很少用上。新型冠状病毒肺炎当属于“湿瘟”范畴,病程缠绵,它不像风热夹湿,湿邪一除热自清,患者比较容易痊愈。湿邪缠绵,如油裹面,所以,中医同道在选方用药时尤其需要谨慎,将本病的“湿毒化热”与“热毒夹湿”区别开,不要出现方向上的错误,它们的用药思路截然不同。

新型冠状病毒肺炎是以“湿毒”为主,并不是热毒夹湿。热毒夹湿证,用清热解毒加祛湿之法即可。热毒一清,湿自然就没了。对于湿毒化热、湿毒蕴热的情况下,如果贸然清热解毒,过早用上寒凉药物,必然会导致湿邪加重,会出现“冰伏”,反而影响治疗效果。所以,本病应该化湿为主,芳香化浊避秽,透表散邪,升降脾,这是我们治疗的核心。湿一化,郁热就散,毒也就没有了,症状自然就慢慢消失。


关于中医治疗,第四版《方案》依据对病人观察的深入,根据临床实际情况,在上一版基础上,对原方案进行调整和补充。增加了对疾病全过程的分期,覆盖居家医学观察病人、发热门诊病人、急诊留观病人及住院病人。推荐了四个处方及剂量,增加了医学观察期、中期及重症期推荐的中成药。《方案》将新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎中医治疗分为医学观察期和临床治疗期。

对于处在医学观察期且出现乏力伴胃肠不适的,《方案》推荐中成药为藿香正气胶囊(丸、水、口服液)。对于处在医学观察期且出现乏力伴发热的,《方案》推荐中成药为金花清感颗粒、连花清瘟胶囊(颗粒)、疏风解毒胶囊(颗粒)、防风通圣丸(颗粒)。

《方案》的中医治疗将新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎的临床治疗期分为初期、中期、重症期、恢复期4个阶段,分别对应寒湿郁肺、疫毒闭肺、内闭外脱、肺脾气虚4类中医证型。

《方案》明确新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎属于中医疫病范畴,病因为感受疫戾之气,各地可根据病情、当地气候特点以及不同体质等情况,参照该方案进行辨证论治。

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    2020-02-01 sillywu

    这才是中医治疗思路,不是给个药方就完事了。中医是个体化治疗。

    0

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    2020-01-30 运动yd

    中医中药,大多被人诋毁,不过梅斯里总是客观公正的

    0

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    2020-01-29 1209e435m98(暂无昵称)

    学习了,谢谢分享

    0

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