Immunity:耶鲁大学研究证实,热量限制饮食能减少衰老相关蛋白,有助延长健康寿命

2022-08-17 王聪 生物世界

适度的热量限制能够减少一种衰老相关蛋白 SPARC 的产生,从而抑制有害炎症并改善老年人健康状况,这提示了热量限制有望帮助延长人类健康寿命。

热量限制(Caloric Restriction,CR)是指在充分保证生物体营养成分(如必需氨基酸、维生素和各种微量元素)的情况下限制生物体每天只摄入少量有限的能量,是目前在多种模式动物中验证过的最有效的改善健康状况和延长寿命的方法之一。

但这些益处在人类身上是否同样如此呢?

2022年8月12日,耶鲁大学的研究人员在 Cell 子刊 Immunity 上发表了题为:The matricellular protein SPARC induces inflammatory interferon-response in macrophages during aging 的研究论文。

该研究表明,适度的热量限制能够减少一种衰老相关蛋白 SPARC 的产生,从而抑制有害炎症并改善老年人健康状况,这提示了热量限制有望帮助延长人类健康寿命。

该研究由耶鲁大学衰老研究中心主任 Vishwa Deep Dixit 教授领导,研究团队进一步分析了来自美国国立卫生研究院资助的临床试验的数据,在这项名为“减少能量摄入的长期效果综合评价(CALERIE)”的试验中,一些参与者在两年时间里减少14%的热量摄入,而其他人则照常进食。研究团队对他们进行长期跟踪随访,以评估长期健康影响。

研究团队希望找到对热量限制产生积极影响的分子,从而将其作为治疗靶标。

在一年或两年后,研究团队分析了这些参与者的脂肪组织的变化,他们发现,那些热量限制的人的脂肪组织中的富含半胱氨酸型酸性蛋白(SPARC)的表达显着减少,而该蛋白与肥胖、糖尿病和验证密切相关。而肥胖则会增加 SPARC 蛋白。

由于炎症在年龄相关的衰退中发挥重要作用,研究团队想进一步了解像热量限制这样的长寿干预措施是否是通过 SPARC 蛋白在控制炎症和免疫反应方面发挥作用。

因此,研究团队在小鼠上进一步研究了 SPARC 蛋白对小鼠免疫细胞和健康的影响,研究团队发现,SPARC 蛋白通过糖酵解和 IRF7 刺激巨噬细胞中的干扰素反应,还通过激活 TLR4 将巨噬细胞从 M2型(抗炎状态) 转化为 M1型(促炎状态)。

更重要的是,降低小鼠脂肪细胞产生的 SPARC 蛋白,可以减少炎症,改善新陈代谢,并延长小鼠的健康寿命。

该论文的通讯作者 Vishwa Deep Dixit 教授表示,这项研究揭示了 SPARC 蛋白通过对巨噬细胞的调控来影响炎症和健康寿命,因此,SPARC 蛋白有望成为一个有效靶点,有望在不减少热量摄入的情况下诱导对健康的益处,从而预防与年龄相关的衰退。

 

原始出处:

Seungjin Ryu, et al. The matricellular protein SPARC induces inflammatory interferon-response in macrophages during aging. Immunity, 2022.

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