K药治疗中国食管癌生存率翻倍 无论PD-L1表达 ——解读KEYNOTE-181中国亚组分析结果

2019-10-10 佚名 肿瘤资讯

晚期食管癌现有标准治疗方案主要是化疗,但化疗的有效率低,效果不尽如人意。KEYNOTE-181作为全球第一个在食管癌治疗中头对头对比免疫治疗与标准化疗的大型Ⅲ期随机对照研究,成功打破了近 50 年食管癌治疗的僵局,证明了PD-1免疫检查点抑制剂帕博利珠单抗(可瑞达,国内俗称K药)单药相比于化疗在复发局部晚期和转移性食管癌治疗中的优效性。美国FDA基于KEYNOTE-181研究结果于今年7月31日批

晚期食管癌现有标准治疗方案主要是化疗,但化疗的有效率低,效果不尽如人意。KEYNOTE-181作为全球第一个在食管癌治疗中头对头对比免疫治疗与标准化疗的大型Ⅲ期随机对照研究,成功打破了近 50 年食管癌治疗的僵局,证明了PD-1免疫检查点抑制剂帕博利珠单抗(可瑞达,国内俗称K药)单药相比于化疗在复发局部晚期和转移性食管癌治疗中的优效性。美国FDA基于KEYNOTE-181研究结果于今年7月31日批准帕博利珠单抗单药用于二线及以上治疗PD-L1表达阳性(CPS≥10)的复发局部晚期和转移性食管鳞癌患者。北京大学肿瘤医院沈琳教授团队进一步对该研究的中国人群数据进行分析,并在2019 ESMO大会展示了分析结果。结果显示,相较标准化疗方案,帕博利珠单抗治疗方案在总生存(OS)、客观缓解率(ORR)和持续应答时间(DOR)等数据上都显示了较化疗方案显着的疗效和安全性优势,而且帕博利珠单抗治疗中国食管癌患者的疗效数据显着优于其治疗整体研究人群数据。就KEYNOTE-181研究的中国亚组数据进行解读

沈琳,教授 博导 主任医师,北京肿瘤医院副院长,北京市肿瘤防治研究所副所长,消化肿瘤内科主任,I期临床病房主任,任中国抗癌协会肿瘤药物临床研究专业委员会主任委员,中国医师协会外科医师分会MDT专委会主任委员,中国抗癌协会癌专业委员会秘书长及内科组组长,中国抗癌协会大肠癌专业委员会副主任委员,中国抗癌协会肿瘤精准治疗专委会候任主任委员等职务。

一直致力于消化系统肿瘤精准药物治疗、抗肿瘤新药的I-IV期临床试验与基础转化研究,担任科技部国家重点研发计划“癌靶向治疗新技术研究”项目首席专家

K药治疗OS翻倍,获益无论PD-L1表达

沈琳教授:目前,食管癌治疗所面临的最大挑战是生存期难以得到延长。之前曾进行过西妥昔单抗(爱必妥)治疗的尝试,虽然有效率得到提高,无进展生存(PFS)亦能延长,不过OS延长并不明显。KEYNOTE-181研究的中国人群分析结果显示,在所有意向治疗人群(ITT)和食管鳞癌人群中, 无论PD-L1表达情况,帕博利珠单抗治疗组的中位OS都达到8.4个月,化疗组的中位OS为5.6个月,死亡风险都降低45%;ITT和食管鳞癌人群12个月的生存率分别为36%和35.7%, 分别是化疗组(ITT, 17%;食管鳞癌,15.3%)的2倍以上。

在KEYNOTE-181研究结果公布之前的近50年食管癌治疗的临床研究中,未曾有靶向药物较标准治疗获得2倍以上生存获益的先例,所以KEYNOTE-181研究对于食管癌治疗具有里程碑式的意义,帕博利珠单抗将为国内食管癌的临床实践带来革命性的转变。

K药治疗中国食管癌疗效更优

沈琳教授:相比今年在ASCO-GI大会上发布的KEYNOTE-181的整体研究人群的治疗数据,帕博利珠单抗治疗中国人群带来的OS获益更显着,死亡风险降低幅度是整体研究人群数据的3倍:中国人群45%(HR=0.55,95% CI 0.36~0.82;P值nominal),整体人群仅15%(HR=0.85,95% CI 0.85 0.72~1.01;P=0.031)。

该“偏向性”在食管鳞癌和PD-L1表达阳性(CPS≥10)人群都有体现。

中国的食管癌患者与欧美、日韩差异明显。中国食管癌发生的部位更高,集中于食管的上中段,特别是上段,发病因素主要与烟酒相关,而西方食管癌以腺癌为主,病因以胃食管反流多见,因此不能将欧美、日韩的食管癌治疗经验照搬于中国的食管癌临床实践。

鉴于中国食管癌患者在发病诱因、发病部位、病理特征和临床特征方面都存在与西方人群截然不同的特点,在KEYNOTE-181研究设计之初,就为中国亚组预设了统计学分析的要求,所以此次公布的中国人群亚组数据不是一个回顾性分析结果,而是具有统计学意义的结果。

因此, KEYNOTE-181研究最大的贡献是不仅证实了帕博利珠单抗治疗复发局部晚期或转移性食管癌的有效性,还首次以高级别证据证实了东西方食管癌之间的疗效差异,学界应该对该种差异投以绝对的关注。

K药治疗安全性更好

沈琳教授:帕博利珠单抗组与治疗相关的不良反应发生率低于化疗(帕博利珠单抗组75.8%, 化疗组83.1%), 3~5级不良反应发生率更是仅有化疗组的一半(帕博利珠单抗组21.0%, 化疗组42.4%)。

60%到70%的中国食管癌患者在诊断时已发展为局部进展期或晚期食管癌。因此,相比西方人群我国食管癌患者的肿瘤负荷更高,身体状况更差,对于化疗的耐受性也更差。

KEYNOTE-181研究结果及中国人群的惊艳数据结果毫无异议地证明对比标准化疗,帕博利珠单抗应成为我国食管癌治疗的新标准,从而打破食管癌系统治疗副作用大,疗效不尽人意的困局,有助于提升我国食管癌治疗的整体有效率,显着延长患者生存,从而帮助降低我国食管癌的年死亡率。

检测PD-L1仍有意义

沈琳教授:KEYNOTE-181研究的中国人群数据分析结果显示,即使PD-L1表达低或阴性(CPS<10),食管癌患者亦能从帕博利珠单抗治疗中获益,那么是否在临床应用时就不需要检测CPS了呢?并非如此。

KEYNOTE-181中国人群数据分析结果显示, 对于PD-L1表达阳性(CPS≥10)的食管癌患者,帕博利珠单抗治疗的优势更明显,中位OS达到12.0 (6.6~NR)个月,是化疗组[5.3(4.1~8.2)个月]的2倍以上;帕博利珠单抗12个月的生存率达到了53%;这意味着有超过一半的患者在12个月时仍然生存,是化疗组(16.1%)的3倍以上。

所以,PD-L1检测可以让医生心中有数患者从免疫治疗中能获益多少。

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    2019-10-12 smartjoy
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    2019-10-12 zhouqu_8
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    2019-10-11 thm112988

    0

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2019欧洲肿瘤内科学会(ESMO)年会在西班牙巴塞罗那盛大召开。 “ESMO 2019TKI治疗论坛-中国专家研讨会”,就转移性结直肠癌(mCRC)和不可切除肝细胞癌(uHCC)各1份病例进行了热烈讨论。会议主席由来自比利时鲁汶大学的Eric Van Cutsem教授担任,参加mCRC病例讨论的有美国南加州大学诺里斯综合癌症中心的Heinz-Josef Lenz教授、北京大学肿瘤医院的沈琳教授和

2019 CSCO:国内白血病·淋巴瘤专场:聚焦淋巴瘤治疗前沿,BTK抑制剂在B细胞淋巴瘤中应用前景广阔

第22届全国临床肿瘤学会(CSCO)年会在厦门市隆重举行。作为中国肿瘤学领域的顶级学术盛宴,本届CSCO可谓汇聚了众多国内肿瘤学专家和学者,探讨了各类肿瘤的诊疗进展。「国内白血病·淋巴瘤专场」作为血液肿瘤的分会场之一也聚集诸位血液肿瘤领域大咖,分享了诸多精彩内容。特将该专场的主要内容概括如下,以供参考。

纳武利尤单抗获批成为中国治疗头颈部鳞癌的免疫肿瘤药物

近日,PD-1抑制剂纳武利尤单抗(nivolumab,欧狄沃)已正式获得中国国家药品监督管理局(NMPA)批准扩大适应证,适用于治疗接受含铂类方案治疗期间或之后出现疾病进展且肿瘤PD-L1表达阳性(表达PD-L1的肿瘤细胞≥1%)的复发性或转移性头颈部鳞癌(SCCHN)患者。