Diabetes Care专家述评:一场不间断的革命,每周一次胰岛素注射成现实!

2021-08-01 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

胰岛素于1921年首次被分离出来,并在20世纪20年代被开发为一种治疗剂。

胰岛素于1921年首次被分离出来,并在20世纪20年代被开发为一种治疗剂。最初的粗制制剂由于作用时间短,每天要注射多次。因此,人们多次尝试开发具有延长生物活性的胰岛素制剂,希望能减少每天一次的注射次数。

许多这样的制剂被推出,包括丙种胺胰岛素、丙种胺锌胰岛素、舒芬胰岛素、球蛋白胰岛素、异胰岛素、异胰岛素(NPH)和胰岛素锌悬浮液(Lente胰岛素)。其目的主要是为了减少注射次数,从而减轻病人负担。

但是,这些胰岛素的作用时间不够长,不能每天使用一次。因此,除了使其具有可溶性外,开发基础胰岛素类似物的两个目标是消除胰岛素峰值和延长作用时间至接近24小时。第二代基础胰岛素类似物,如胰岛素去甲和胰岛素U300,具有更平坦的胰岛素轮廓和超过24小时的持续作用,从而得到了进一步的改进。

在一周一次的胰高血糖素1受体激动剂(GLP-1 RA)成功用于治疗2型糖尿病的鼓舞下,制造商已经开始开发一周一次的胰岛素制剂。去年出现了一份关于一种此类制剂--胰岛素icodec的初步临床试验报告。

近期《糖尿病护理》Diabetes care的两篇报道进一步扩展了胰岛素icodec的临床潜力。在其中一份报告中,基础胰岛素控制不佳的2型糖尿病患者被转为使用icodec胰岛素或glargine胰岛素。在这项研究中,评估了两种开始使用胰岛素icodec的方法,其中一种涉及到负荷剂量,即使用两倍于初始剂量的剂量,因为考虑到否则需要更长时间才能达到稳定的胰岛素水平。结果发现,在第15和第16周,通过连续血糖监测评估的主要结果指标,即70-180mg/dl的范围内时间(TIR),在统计学上明显优于负荷剂量与格列宁胰岛素,在数字上优于不使用负荷剂量时。低血糖率与格列宁U100相当,不受初始负荷剂量的影响。

这些研究扩展了我们对每周一次的胰岛素如何安全使用的理解。早期评论者对最初的icodec研究表示的主要担忧是积极的目标和严格的滴定策略。Lingvay等人在他们的研究中通过放宽空腹血糖目标,使其高于开发德格列净和格列净U300胰岛素时使用的血糖目标,解决了目标问题。

我们应该认识到,健康人的基础胰岛素是不断循环的,理论上说,具有平坦作用曲线的一周一次的胰岛素本身不应该导致明显的低血糖症。低血糖可能会在零星的运动或不吃饭的情况下发生,但总的来说不应该是一个大问题。

每周一次的胰岛素有可能对我们的糖尿病管理产生变革。2型糖尿病最有可能如此,因为它将大大减少每天注射胰岛素的负担,并可能提高治疗的依从性和持久性,就像每周GLP-1 RA治疗所做的那样。此外,已经证明基础胰岛素与GLP-1 RA的联合治疗--iDegLira和iGlarLixi都能改善血糖控制,同时限制每个成分的副作用。因此,我们可以想象,每周一次的胰岛素可以与每周一次的GLP-1 RA相结合,创造出一种使用更简单的产品,并且只需每周注射一次,就能使患者受益。

每周一次的胰岛素可能会改变糖尿病管理的格局,是一个重要的治疗进展。事实上,正如Jacques Mirouze所写,胰岛素是 "一场不间断的革命".

 

参考文献:

Weekly Insulin Becoming a Reality. Diabetes Care 2021 Jul; 44(7): 1459-1461. https://doi.org/10.2337/dci21-0011

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    2022-04-17 TZF0811
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    2022-04-15 baoya
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    2021-08-04 清幽蓝燕yan

    期待

    0

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    2021-08-02 63766754

    期待

    0

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拓展阅读

全新一代基础胰岛素类似物德谷胰岛素被列入国家医保目录

8月20日,根据国家医疗保障局最新公告,全新一代基础胰岛素类似物德谷胰岛素注射液(商品名诺和达®)被纳入《国家基本医疗保险、工伤保险和生育保险药品目录(2019年版)》。 慢性病治疗用药是此次医保目录调整优先考虑的重点领域之一。德谷胰岛素被纳入医保目录报销体系,将使更多糖尿病患者受益于这一在有效性、安全性、经济性和便利性上具有诸多优势的全新一代基础胰岛素类似物药品,帮助更多糖尿病患者达到

DIABETOLOGIA:通过胰岛素和胰岛素类似物X10激活COLO-205结肠癌异种移植物中的胰岛素受体和IGF-1受体不会在正常或低血糖条件下促进生长

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