JAMA Neurol:鉴别淀粉样发作和TIA的重要性

2022-02-11 杨中华 “ 脑血管病及重症文献导读”公众号

脑淀粉样血管病(CAA)是一种由β-淀粉样蛋白沉积在脑小动脉、小静脉和毛细血管中引起的小血管疾病。脑叶出血(ICH)是该病最常见的表现,与高风险的死亡率和发病率有关。

脑淀粉样血管病(CAA)是一种由β-淀粉样蛋白沉积在脑小动脉、小静脉和毛细血管中引起的小血管疾病。脑叶出血(ICH)是该病最常见的表现,与高风险的死亡率和发病率有关

短暂性局灶神经发作(Transient focal neurological episodes,TFNE)(译者注:也称为淀粉样发作)是一种日益被认可的CAA表现形式,包括刻板、反复、短暂的局灶性神经功能障碍(通常持续10-30分钟),主要是躯体感觉或运动障碍。1993年首次报道了TFNEs,患者表现为手-口(cheiro-oral)传播模式的感觉异常(阳性症状)。

然而,最近的报道显示TFNE是一种更为多样和复杂的症状,包括阳性和阴性症状,有无明确的传播模式,可以持续数小时。因此,TFNE可以误诊为其他神经系统疾病,如短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)、先兆性偏头痛或局灶性癫痫发作。

最近的研究强调了TFNE在CAA自然史中的重要性。TFNE的神经影像学已被广泛研究,发现临床症状与凸面出性蛛网膜下腔出血(convexity subarachnoid hemorrhage,CSAH)和皮质表面铁质沉积(cortical superficial siderosis,CSS)的位置之间存在精确的解剖学关系。最近的证据表明,局灶性CSAH或CSS引发的皮质播散抑制是TFNEs的发病机制。TFNE是脑叶出血的潜在危险因素,尽管迄今为止缺乏证据。据我们所知,与TFNE相关的脑叶出血或死亡的危险因素尚未被研究。

2022年1月来自西班牙的Jorge Rodrguez-Pardo等在JAMA Neurology上公布了他们的系统性综述和meta分析结果,探讨以TFNEs为表现的CAA患者发生脑叶出血(ICH)和死亡的危险因素。预先设定的主要结局是随访期间脑叶出血和死亡风险。

在系统搜索的1612份记录中,纳入了42项研究和222例CAA相关TFNE病例;医院队列提供了另外26名患者(11名男性[42.3%];平均[SD]年龄77[8]岁)。共有108例TFNE(43.5%)包括运动症状。在系统搜索和基于医院的队列中,分别在193名个体(77.8%)和156名个体(62.9%)检测到cSAH和CSS。可获得185名患者的随访时间(中位持续时间,1年[IQR,0.8-2.5年])。

随访期间,76例(39.4%)患者出现症状性脑出血。基线时的运动症状(优势比,2.08[95%CI,1.16-3.70])和随访期间使用抗血栓药物(优势比,3.61[95%CI,1.67-7.84])增加脑叶出血的风险。随访期间死亡31例(16.5%);随访期间的脑出血和CSS是死亡的主要危险因素(优势比分别为3.01[95% CI 1.36-6.69];优势比分别为3.20[95% CI 1.16-8.91])。

最终作者认为,CAA相关TFNE患者处于脑叶出血和死亡的高风险之中。在许多病例中,由于误诊,运动症状的TFNE和TFNE后使用抗血栓药物是ICH的危险因素,因此准确诊断并将其与TIA区分开来至关重要

 

原始出处:

Juan María Sanchez-Caro,et al. Transient Focal Neurological Events in Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy and the Long-term Risk of Intracerebral Hemorrhage and Death: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Neurol. 2022 Jan 1;79(1):38-47. doi: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2021.3989.

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    2022-07-14 一一kq

    受益匪浅

    0

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    2023-01-09 yinhl1978
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    2022-04-01 mgqwxj
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    2022-02-12 查查佳佳

    大流行病,迄今为止,全世界估计有3.19亿例病例和550万例患者死亡。

    0

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    2022-02-12 仁术2021

    不错学习了。

    0