Diabetes:这一发现使糖尿病药物的有效性大大提高!

2017-11-08 佚名 medicalxpress

在过去的15年中,伯明翰内分泌学家Anath Shalev博士领导的阿拉巴马大学已经揭开了糖尿病失败的关键生物学途径。

在过去的15年中,伯明翰内分泌学家Anath Shalev博士领导的阿拉巴马大学已经揭开了糖尿病失败的关键生物学途径。

她在糖尿病杂志上发表的这一β细胞通路的最新发现显示了提高现有糖尿病药物的有效性以及减少这些药物的一些不受欢迎的副作用的潜力。

改善治疗的需求是很大的。糖尿病是一种以血糖升高为特征的疾病,每十名美国成年人中就有一名患有这种疾病,并使早亡风险加倍。美国有三千多万人患有糖尿病,这是第七大死因,也导致了失明和下肢截肢。

2013年,UAB的研究人员发现,无论是糖尿病还是TXNIP蛋白的升高,都会诱导microRNA-204或miR-204的β细胞表达,反过来,这种microRNA也会阻断胰岛素的产生。 Shalev研究小组目前发现了miR-204调节细胞表面受体的另一个重要作用,该受体是许多新型2型糖尿病药物如Byetta,Victoza,Trulicity,Januvia,Onglyza和Tradjenta的靶标。该药物靶标是胰高血糖素样肽1受体或GLP1R。用这些药物激活GLP1R有助于β细胞产生和分泌更多的胰岛素。

Shalev的新工作是在大鼠β细胞,基因修饰小鼠,小鼠胰岛和人胰岛中进行的。在胰岛中发现的健康β细胞产生胰岛素以控制血糖水平;在糖尿病中,β细胞受损且功能障碍,并且具有较低的GLP1R水平。

在糖尿病研究中,Shalev及其同事发现,miR-204的过度表达降低了大鼠β细胞和小鼠和人类胰岛中GLP1R的表达。相反,敲低miR-204增加GLP1R在那些细胞和胰岛中的表达。

更大的GLP1R表达是有益的,因为它有助于将信号传递给β细胞分泌更多的胰岛素,例如饭后。此外,许多较新的糖尿病药物作为激动剂激活GLP1R。较高的表达可允许使用较低的药物剂量来治疗糖尿病,从而减少剂量依赖性的副作用。

在小鼠中,UAB研究人员发现miR-204缺失引起GLP1R表达增强,胰岛素分泌和葡萄糖控制更好。此外,敲除小鼠在葡萄糖耐量试验中对GLP1R激动剂更有反应。当GLP1R敲除小鼠用于糖尿病模型,其中β细胞被低剂量的毒素链脲佐菌素损伤时,糖尿病小鼠显示出改善的葡萄糖控制和增加的血清胰岛素水平。

这些结果表明,下调的miR-204(现在作为GLP1R的上游调节子而显示)可以导致更好的糖尿病治疗。

关于miR-204的一个关键事实可能会进一步帮助改善治疗。这种microRNA在β细胞中高度表达,但在胰腺其余部分或胃肠道细胞中也不高表达,因此也表达GLP1R,因此对GLP1R激动剂有反应。因此,miR-204的抑制剂对于β细胞将是相对选择性的。

“这种以非靶向方式抑制微RNA的新概念,但是利用其限制的组织分布并由此选择性地上调其在该组织中的靶基因,可能对微RNA生物学和组织特异性基因靶向具有深远的影响,“沙列夫说。

“由于miR-204主要在胰腺β细胞中表达,所以操纵其水平允许在β细胞中优先上调GLP1R,在那里它有助于分泌胰岛素,而不是在胃肠系统中,在胃肠系统中它可引起恶心和胃排空受损,或在胰腺,在那里可以增加胰腺炎的风险,“沙列夫说。因此,通过抑制miR-204,人们可以增加GLP1R激动剂药物对胰岛素分泌的作用,从而降低必要的剂量并避免一些剂量依赖性的副作用。

miR-204下调GLP1R表达的机制是微RNA与GLP1R信使RNA的3'非翻译区的结合。这种结合是通过微RNA控制基因表达的已知方法。 UAB的研究人员使用microRNA目标预测软件发现了这种特异性结合。他们在人类GLP1R的信使RNA和小鼠GLP1R的信使RNA中发现了两个miR-204的结合位点。当它们突变这些结合位点时,它消除了miR-204的调节作用。

此外,Shalev小组显示了TXNIP和GLP1R信号之间的新型联系。 具有β细胞特异性敲除TXNIP蛋白的小鼠具有更低的miR-204水平和更高的GLP1R表达,并且小鼠显示响应于GLP1R的激动剂而增强的胰岛素分泌和葡萄糖控制。 因此,通过控制胰岛素产生和GLP1R的调节,以及调节未折叠的蛋白质反应和β细胞凋亡,miR-204似乎在控制胰腺中β细胞的功能方面起关键作用。

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  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=899493, encodeId=b22d89949315, content=Shalev小组显示了<a href='/topic/show?id=133c1e9790f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#TXNIP#</a>和<a href='/topic/show?id=0e50104031a3' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#GLP1R#</a>信号之间的新型联系,Shalev是近年来在这个靶点中最活跃的团队,主要建立TXNIP与<a href='/topic/show?id=4f77e665253' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#糖尿病#</a>之间的关联。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=192, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=17979, encryptionId=133c1e9790f, topicName=TXNIP), TopicDto(id=104031, encryptionId=0e50104031a3, topicName=GLP1R), TopicDto(id=76652, encryptionId=4f77e665253, topicName=糖尿病)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20220519/c2ab253484ee4527a2d4e9589a4821ac/45de9bf494a54becb2ea4369c9d11e85.jpg, createdBy=7a3710, createdName=lovetcm, createdTime=Mon Nov 16 08:59:00 CST 2020, time=2020-11-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1638179, encodeId=545416381e9b6, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=afda591646' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#DIA#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=19, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=5916, encryptionId=afda591646, topicName=DIA)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=987022654425, createdName=ms9608593228839890, createdTime=Tue Jan 30 08:37:00 CST 2018, time=2018-01-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1901843, encodeId=88c21901843e8, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c097591ed5' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Diabetes#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=5917, encryptionId=c097591ed5, topicName=Diabetes)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=0045169, createdName=木头人513, createdTime=Wed May 16 22:37:00 CST 2018, time=2018-05-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1760332, encodeId=b1c31e60332b4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9bea33520d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#BET#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=24, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=3352, encryptionId=9bea33520d, topicName=BET)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=9a1a37427546, createdName=ms5439512287675881, createdTime=Sat Mar 24 01:37:00 CST 2018, time=2018-03-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1584106, encodeId=de96158410666, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1f13e6767e9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#糖尿病药物#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=76767, encryptionId=1f13e6767e9, topicName=糖尿病药物)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=5edb17003695, createdName=minhuang75_72521589, createdTime=Fri Nov 10 03:37:00 CST 2017, time=2017-11-10, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2020-11-16 lovetcm

    Shalev小组显示了#TXNIP##GLP1R#信号之间的新型联系,Shalev是近年来在这个靶点中最活跃的团队,主要建立TXNIP与#糖尿病#之间的关联。

    0

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