Radiology:从ADC值走进大脑发育的进程!

2021-07-26 shaosai MedSci原创

关于儿童早期发育阶段的正常扩散加权成像模式的信息十分有限。特别是,缺乏规范的数据来描述从出生到幼儿期儿童表观扩散系数(ADC)值的变化,而这一时间段是大脑发育最快的关键时刻。

关于儿童早期发育阶段的正常扩散加权成像模式的信息十分有限。特别是,缺乏规范的数据来描述从出生到幼儿期儿童表观扩散系数(ADC)值的变化,而这一时间段是大脑发育最快的关键时刻。脑组织ADC值的变化对于理解正常脑组织成熟的区域差异十分重要。对于许多疾病来说,这一发育时期是早期诊断脑功能障碍的关键时间点。因此,有必要了解和量化具有空间和时间粒度的ADC正常发育模式。

此前,对ADC正常发育的了解仅限于二维图像分析,且对足月出生和正常发育的儿童的核磁共振扫描很少,特别是对2岁或2岁以下儿童的纵向研究非常有限。

近日,发表在Radiology杂志的一项研究定量分析了0 ~ 6岁儿童正常表观扩散系数(ADC)的发育模式,并探讨了ADC值的时空异质性以及大脑半球发育的差异,为临床提供了一个在发育中大脑的精确划分三维区域且可模拟随时间变化的ADC模型,有利于临床对多种疾病发生机制的进一步阐明及早期诊断。

本研究分析了2006年至2013年期间在一家大型学术医院对201名健康的足月儿童(108名男性;年龄范围,0-6岁)获得的MRI扫描所构建的按年龄划分的ADC图谱,以量化四种模式:ADC轨迹、ADC变化率、ADC成熟的年龄以及成熟年龄的半球不对称性。通过拟合两个指数模型对全脑、分段区域和体素水平上对模式进行量化。使用Bonferroni校正的t检验评估ADC成熟年龄的半球不对称性。

内囊后肢(平均ADC:左半球,1.18×103μm2 /秒;右半球,1.17×1103μm2 /秒)、内囊前肢(左,1.11×103μm2 /秒;右,1.09×103μm2 /秒)、蚓部(1.26×103μm2 /秒)、丘脑(左,1.17×103μm2 /秒,右,1.15×103μm2 /秒)和基底节(左,1.26×103μm2 /秒;右,1.23×103μm2 /秒)显示出较低的初始ADC值,表明胎儿期发育较早。ADC的成熟时间在1.3到2.4岁之间,具体取决于区域。蚓部和左丘脑最早成熟(1.3岁),额叶灰质最晚成熟(右2.3岁;左2.4岁)。ADC的成熟较早发生在多个左半球的区域(P <.001),包括额叶(平均±标准差)(左2.16岁±0.29;右2.19岁±0.31)、颞叶(左1.93岁±1.93岁± 0.22;右侧为1.99岁±0.22)和顶叶(左侧为1.92岁±0.30;右侧为2.03岁±0.28)白质。一些区域的成熟发生在右半球更早(P < .001),包括海底(左,1.63岁±0.32;右,1.45岁±0.33)、基底节(左,1.79岁±0.31;右,1.70岁±0.37)和海马体(左为1.93岁±0.34;右为1.78岁±0.33)。

图 表观扩散系数(ADC)成熟年龄的体素分析。A,使用基于体素的分析每个体素的ADC成熟年龄(以年为单位),显示在轴位(左)、矢状面(中)和冠状面(右)。颜色刻度以年为单位,深蓝色显示出生年龄,红色显示3岁。所有ADC的成熟都发生在生命的前3年。B,每个体素在成熟时在矢状面、冠状面和轴向面的显示(以年为单位),使用与A相同的颜色尺度。半球不对称性可以在成熟年龄中得到体现

本研究对0 - 6岁儿童在磁共振扩散加权扫描上的标准表观扩散系数发育模式进行了量化,并提出了一个全面的基于三维图谱的扩散加权成像变化分析,该图谱解决了先前缺乏关于大脑发育早期区域和年龄相关的表观扩散系数变化的知识。这些图谱可作为区分脑区间正常和异常扩散加权成像模式的有价值的定量参考,为临床提供了有关大脑早期发育的知识,并有望辅助并指导临床对脑组织异常成熟模式的精确检测。

原文出处:

Susan Sotardi,Randy L Gollub,Sara V Bates,et al.Voxelwise and Regional Brain Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Changes on MRI from Birth to 6 Years of Age.DOI:10.1148/radiol.2020202279

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    2021-07-28 neurowu
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    2021-07-28 周虎
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    2021-07-26 SR~young海东

    时刻学习

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皮质醇由肾上腺素分泌,是身体压力的“晴雨表”。皮质醇分泌过量会直接影响人体的免疫系统、神经系统、内分泌系统等功能紊乱,例如表现在头发上,就会造成脱发。

Clin neurophysiol:新生儿打嗝,可能是大脑在发育

一项最新的研究表明,打嗝可能是一个从婴儿期遗留下来的重要反射,是大脑发育的关键

Nat Commun:必需omega-3脂肪酸对发育中的大脑有调节作用

发达国家和发展中国家饮食习惯的西化,伴随着饮食中n-3 PUFAs摄入量的逐渐减少。母体中n-3 PUFAs的低摄入量与人类的神经发育疾病有关。

Nature:又见“肠-脑”重磅研究!孕妇肠道菌群在影响胎儿的大脑发育

北京时间9月24日,发表在《Nature》上的一项新研究中,来自美国加州大学洛杉矶分校(UCLA)的研究团队表明,母体肠道中的数十亿微生物在调节着关键的代谢产物,而它们对胎儿大脑的健康发育至关重要。