Journal for immunotherapy of cancer:肝脏如何通过大脑调控饮食?脂质信号或通过下丘脑实现的

2022-06-30 周科 神经周K

Autotaxin (ATX) 是一种分泌型糖蛋白,主要生理功能是以溶血磷脂酰胆碱(LPC)为底物催化生成溶血磷脂酸(LPA)。外周能量代谢可影响大脑神经元活性。

溶血磷脂酸(LPA)在突触神经传递和可塑性中起着重要的调节作用。大脑LPA的合成取决于其前体溶血磷脂酰胆碱(LPC),LPC主要由肝脏分泌,在激活后通过血脑屏障进入大脑中。LPA通过激活突触前LPA2受体,调节谷氨酸释放,最终可调控神经元兴奋性。

Autotaxin (ATX) 是一种分泌型糖蛋白,主要生理功能是以溶血磷脂酰胆碱(LPC)为底物催化生成溶血磷脂酸(LPA)。外周能量代谢可影响大脑神经元活性。

2022年6月27日德国科隆大学Johannes Vogt?研究团队揭示了外周肝脏来源的LPA通过下丘脑促进食欲的神经元调控摄食行为。

图1:禁食后血清LPA水平增加

研究人员发现禁食16小时到18小时的小鼠血清和脑脊液中LPA水平增加,皮层微小兴奋性突触后电流增强。抑制ATX活性阻断 LPA合成后,这种增强谷氨酸能突触传递作用完全消失。原位杂交实验发现ATX主要表达在皮层和海马区域。

图2:原位杂交发现ATX在大脑中的表达

在新物体探索实验中,(与正常饮食小鼠相比)禁食小鼠对新物体探索行为增加,在抑制LPA合成或敲除突触前LPA2受体后可减弱对新物体的探索行为。

可塑性相关基因蛋白PRG-1在突触间隙摄取LPA,实现对LPA的再回收。PRG-1主要表达在皮层神经元上。通过基因工程技术突变PRG-1后减少LPA的突触间隙再摄取,引起LPA水平的增加,这可进一步增强禁食引起的新物体探索行为。

禁食后小鼠再次进食普通饲料或高脂饲料后饮食增多,表现贪食行为,体重增加。PRG-1突变后可进一步强化禁食后引起的贪食行为,也就是小鼠进食量更多。在抑制LPA合成或敲除突触前LPA2受体后能够一定程度上抑制小鼠进食行为,减少体重。这些结果表明突触间脂质信号调控体重。

图3:抑制AgRP神经元后降低外周LPA水平

下丘脑弓状核内表达刺鼠相关肽(AgRP)的神经元参与禁食期间的外周脂质信号调节。激活AgRP神经元可促进食欲,减少能量代谢。

在特异性诱导AgRP神经元凋亡后禁食小鼠血清中LPA水平降低,皮层区域微小兴奋性突触后电流减弱,进食行为也明显减弱。这就表明外周来源的LPA可通过AgRP神经元实现调控摄食行为。

总的来说,本文揭示了外周能量变化(禁食)促进LPA合成,增强皮层区域神经元兴奋性,促进食欲,饮食增多,表明肝脏脂质信号可通过下丘脑实现调控摄食功能。

原始出处:

Jing Huang, et al. L-5-hydroxytryptophan promotes antitumor immunity by inhibiting PD-L1 inducible expression. Journal for immunotherapy of cancery, 2022.

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    2022-07-01 xlwang2696
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    2022-07-01 xlwang2696
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    2022-06-30 xulv123

    认真学习~~

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长期以来,饮食一直被认为是高尿酸血症和痛风发病机理中一个重要的可改变因素。预防痛风的膳食建议传统上强调减少富含嘌呤的食物(如肉类、海鲜和富含嘌呤的蔬菜)的摄入量,因为嘌呤是嘌呤清除途径中尿酸盐的前体。