姚煜教授:抗血管生成单抗联合TKI治疗有望成为EGFR 21L858R突变晚期NSCLC治疗金标准

2020-04-09 佚名 肿瘤资讯

众所周知,EGFR 19外显子缺失突变(19del)和21外显子L858R突变(21L858R)对EGFR TKI的敏感性存在差异。在不久前公布的CTONG 1509研究亦指出,21L858R患者接受

众所周知,EGFR 19外显子缺失突变(19del)和21外显子L858R突变(21L858R)对EGFR TKI的敏感性存在差异。在不久前公布的CTONG 1509研究亦指出,21L858R患者接受A(贝伐珠单抗)+T(厄洛替尼)治疗的获益更加显着。那么,针对EGFR突变阳性晚期非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)患者,应该如何选择一线治疗药物?A+T治疗方案又有哪些优势呢?

A+T双管齐下,抑制肿瘤进展

如今,EGFR TKI类药物已经“三代同堂”,在用药方式上,也从单药治疗发展到与化疗或抗血管生成药物等治疗的联合治疗模式,众多的研究数据让医生的选择产生了困难。梳理数据后不难发现,治疗作用的不同位点、是否合并脑转移、安全性和序贯用药的选择余地,都是选择药物非常重要的标准。NSCLC患者中,约有半数为EGFR敏感突变患者,21L858R就占到其中的40%。然而,21L858R患者的异质性极强,合并突变率较高,有观点认为,21L858R可能是一种NSCLC的独立突变亚群。对于21L858R患者的治疗,学界存在诸多争议。在2019年美国临床肿瘤学会(ASCO)和欧洲肿瘤内科学会(ESMO)大会上,有研究数据显示,不同药物针对不同突变位点,患者的获益不一。第一/二代EGFR TKI一线单药治疗EGFR突变阳性晚期NSCLC患者,19del患者的获益普遍优于21L858R患者;在FLAURA研究中,19del患者使用奥希替尼的无进展生存(PFS)也优于21L858R患者,总生存时间(OS)方面,21L858R患者使用第一/三代EGFR TKI的疗效没有差别(HR=1.00)。

2019年ESMO大会上,广东省人民医院吴一龙教授牵头的CTONG 1509研究显示,21L858R患者使用A+T的PFS达到前所未有的19.5个月,因此,21L858R患者可以考虑A+T方案。为什么A+T方案可以取得如此优异的PFS?这是由于A+T同时抑制了EGFR和VEGFR两条重要通路。EGFR TKI本身具备抑制肿瘤的作用,而使用贝伐珠单抗后可以阻断肿瘤新生血管生成,两者具备协同作用。而且,贝伐珠单抗对肿瘤微环境和免疫功能具备调节作用,在与靶向药物共同使用时,可以使肿瘤微环境和免疫功能恢复正常。因此,A+T协同增效,不仅在临床研究中获得了阳性结果,在临床实践中也得到了验证。我在两年前遇到一位21L858R患者,第一个月使用EGFR TKI,肿瘤控制并不是很理想,随后选择联合贝伐珠单抗胸腔灌注,以及静脉维持用药,该患者现在已获得24个月的PFS,并且生活质量非常好。此外,在既往的研究中,贝伐珠单抗还可以延缓合并T790M突变患者发生耐药的时间,由于21L858R患者合并突变率较高,单药治疗难以达到治疗目的,因此,对于21L858R合并T790M突变的患者,A+T也是很好的选择。

总之,在CTONG 1509研究中,A+T显示出了优异的疗效,19del和21L858R突变均可从中获益。

多方比较一线治疗EGFR突变患者的治疗选择,A+T优势明显

如上文所说,针对EGFR突变阳性晚期NSCLC患者,在选用一线治疗药物时,应充分考虑突变位点、是否合并脑转移、安全性及耐受性、耐药后的选择等。在临床实践中,耐药后的选择也非常重要,因为即使患者一线用药可以获得较好的PFS,然而若后续无药可用,将对患者的治疗造成制约。从患者的角度而言,治疗的全程希望达到生活自理的状态,既能追求更好的PFS和OS,又能保证生活质量,尽可能“去化疗”。

第一,突变位点。针对19del患者,经济状况不好可以选择一代EGFR TKI,经济状况许可的患者,可以选择FLAURA研究中第三代药物奥希替尼。尽管第二代药物疗效也不错,但需要考虑安全性问题。针对21L858R患者,则可以选择A+T的治疗方案。针对罕见突变,既往证据较为充足的是阿法替尼,在LUX-Lung 2,3,6的合并分析中,阿法替尼治疗G719X的客观缓解率(ORR)达到77.8%,治疗S768I和L861Q的ORR分别为100%和56.3%。在FLAURA研究中,亦有少量针对罕见突变的数据可为临床使用。

第二,脑转移。第一、二、三代药物都各有对应的研究,其中FLAURA研究中,奥希替尼单药具有不错的脑转移治疗疗效,不论患者是否存在中枢神经系统(CNS)转移,都能取得更好的PFS和OS,合并CNS转移的患者可以减少17%的死亡风险(HR=0.83)。在CTONG 1509研究中,A+T方案对脑转移患者的疗效优异,合并脑转移患者可以减少50%的进展风险(HR=0.50),也是非常好的选择。

第三,安全性和耐受性。第一、二代药物中,最常见的不良事件是肝毒性、口腔炎、甲沟炎等。若患者不能耐受这些毒副作用,就需要减量甚至停药,患者也会对医生和治疗丧失信心。第三代药物也有安全性方面的问题,比如心脏毒性、血液学毒性等。因此,从开始进行靶向药物治疗时,就需要对患者进行不良事件管理。与NEJ026研究和JO25567研究相似,CTONG 1509研究中A+T方案总体安全耐受,由于联用贝伐珠单抗,患者的高血压发生风险较单用第一代EGFR TKI上升至18.5%,蛋白尿发生风险上升至8.3%。然而,这些不良事件只要做好监测和及时干预,临床上是相对可控的。即使患者既往没有高血压,也需要每天监测血压;出现血压升高现象时,及时将血压控制在140mmHg以内;使用A+T方案2周后,增加尿常规的监测频率,以便及早发现蛋白尿。若监测和干预不及时,使用A+T方案的患者发生3级及以上高血压和蛋白尿的几率则会明显上升。

第四,耐药后的选择。鉴于A+T方案使用后,40%的患者为T790M突变,因此,患者使用A+T方案耐药后,还可以使用奥希替尼。但是FLAURA研究显示,奥希替尼耐药后,68%的患者选择了化疗。从患者的意愿角度出发,在达到同样生存获益的前提下,后续可以继续使用EGFR TKI,避免化疗可能更好。

第五,药物经济学。如今贝伐珠单抗再次降价,而且A+T方案中所用到的两个药物均在医保目录中,所以,与其他新一代TKI相比,A+T方案的性价比都更高,特别对21L858R突变阳性晚期NSCLC患者而言是最优选择。

步履不停,未来EGFR突变阳性NSCLC的探索方向

探索EGFR突变阳性晚期NSCLC治疗模式如何优化,我们的脚步从未停歇。未来,我们会对不同突变亚型的耐药机制、脑转移的机制,以及可能的联合治疗方案,进行进一步的研究。在A+T的基础上与化疗进行联合,是否会有新突破?A+T方案耐药后如果使用奥希替尼,奥希替尼也耐药后的后续治疗方案该如何选择?新型第四代EGFR TKI或其他药物联合抗血管生成药物,或者化疗联合抗血管生成和免疫治疗,是否会克服耐药问题?针对晚期NSCLC患者,如何将放疗、化疗与靶向治疗联合?A+T方案能否成为更早期NSCLC患者围手术期辅助/新辅助治疗的可选方案?这些问题都需要未来进一步的临床试验来予以证实和解答,总而言之,对于EGFR突变阳性NSCLC的治疗,精准一直是非常重要的治疗原则。

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  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2041116, encodeId=756f204111644, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c2c59619965' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#金标准#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=96199, encryptionId=c2c59619965, topicName=金标准)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=21015, createdName=heli0118, createdTime=Mon Oct 12 10:48:58 CST 2020, time=2020-10-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1932977, encodeId=ad6319329e734, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=6b1255e66ba' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#抗血管#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=45, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=55766, encryptionId=6b1255e66ba, topicName=抗血管)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=9fe6351, createdName=flyingeagle77, createdTime=Sat Dec 12 05:48:58 CST 2020, time=2020-12-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1384221, encodeId=6d0b138422193, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=14bb1e503a0' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#TKI#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=37, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=17503, encryptionId=14bb1e503a0, topicName=TKI)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=b73f484, createdName=lsj628, createdTime=Sat Apr 11 05:48:58 CST 2020, time=2020-04-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1416325, encodeId=403314163259e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=6cef59801ea' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#晚期NSCLC#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=41, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=59801, encryptionId=6cef59801ea, topicName=晚期NSCLC)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=3b093156350, createdName=经常头晕, createdTime=Sat Apr 11 05:48:58 CST 2020, time=2020-04-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1534488, encodeId=6c47153448877, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=22b3e9887e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#GFR#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=25, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=7988, encryptionId=22b3e9887e, topicName=GFR)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0a812532020, createdName=liuyiping, createdTime=Sat Apr 11 05:48:58 CST 2020, time=2020-04-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1545657, encodeId=b33b154565eef, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4dd155e701f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#抗血管生成#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=55770, encryptionId=4dd155e701f, topicName=抗血管生成)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=608413807146, createdName=12498bd5m20暂无昵称, createdTime=Sat Apr 11 05:48:58 CST 2020, time=2020-04-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1039755, encodeId=2ea31039e5573, content=NSCLC下一步突破在于新靶点了,靶向治疗和免疫治疗基本见顶了,再有新的就需要新机制了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=47, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=肿肿, createdTime=Thu Apr 09 17:48:58 CST 2020, time=2020-04-09, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2020-04-11 lsj628
  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2041116, encodeId=756f204111644, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c2c59619965' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#金标准#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=96199, encryptionId=c2c59619965, topicName=金标准)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=21015, createdName=heli0118, createdTime=Mon Oct 12 10:48:58 CST 2020, time=2020-10-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1932977, encodeId=ad6319329e734, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=6b1255e66ba' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#抗血管#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=45, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=55766, encryptionId=6b1255e66ba, topicName=抗血管)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=9fe6351, createdName=flyingeagle77, createdTime=Sat Dec 12 05:48:58 CST 2020, time=2020-12-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1384221, encodeId=6d0b138422193, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=14bb1e503a0' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#TKI#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=37, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=17503, encryptionId=14bb1e503a0, topicName=TKI)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=b73f484, createdName=lsj628, createdTime=Sat Apr 11 05:48:58 CST 2020, time=2020-04-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1416325, encodeId=403314163259e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=6cef59801ea' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#晚期NSCLC#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=41, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=59801, encryptionId=6cef59801ea, topicName=晚期NSCLC)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=3b093156350, createdName=经常头晕, createdTime=Sat Apr 11 05:48:58 CST 2020, time=2020-04-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1534488, encodeId=6c47153448877, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=22b3e9887e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#GFR#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=25, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=7988, encryptionId=22b3e9887e, topicName=GFR)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0a812532020, createdName=liuyiping, createdTime=Sat Apr 11 05:48:58 CST 2020, time=2020-04-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1545657, encodeId=b33b154565eef, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4dd155e701f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#抗血管生成#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=55770, encryptionId=4dd155e701f, topicName=抗血管生成)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=608413807146, createdName=12498bd5m20暂无昵称, createdTime=Sat Apr 11 05:48:58 CST 2020, time=2020-04-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1039755, encodeId=2ea31039e5573, content=NSCLC下一步突破在于新靶点了,靶向治疗和免疫治疗基本见顶了,再有新的就需要新机制了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=47, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=肿肿, createdTime=Thu Apr 09 17:48:58 CST 2020, time=2020-04-09, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
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    2020-04-11 liuyiping
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    2020-04-09 肿肿

    NSCLC下一步突破在于新靶点了,靶向治疗和免疫治疗基本见顶了,再有新的就需要新机制了

    0

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