Aging:超级蛋白Humanin可以延长寿命30%

2020-09-23 网络 网络

美国南加州大学戴维斯老年学院(USC Leonard Davis School of Gerontology)研究人员在实验中首次证明:一种人体的微小蛋白质Humanin对动物和人类的健康、长寿具有重

美国南加州大学戴维斯老年学院(USC Leonard Davis School of Gerontology)研究人员在实验中首次证明:一种人体的微小蛋白质Humanin对动物和人类的健康、长寿具有重大影响。这项研究发表在国际期刊《Aging》杂志上。

01 Humanin水平越高,动物寿命越长

研究人员对包括蠕虫和小鼠以及阿尔茨海默症患者、百岁老人的孩子在内的物种进行研究后发现,Humanin水平会随着年龄的增长而下降,小鼠在生命前18个月Humanin会下降40%,灵长类动物在19-25岁之间也同样如此。

并且,体内含有较高水平Humanin的生物,更容易长寿,同时也拥有更健康的身体。实验中,科学家对18名百岁老人的孩子与19名非百岁老人的孩子作对比发现,前者体内Humanin水平更高且更持久,患病风险也较低。父母达到100岁的孩子比其他人更容易长寿。相比之下,非百岁老人的孩子体内蛋白水平较低,他们患病风险更高,接触有毒物质时抵抗力也会降低。

据了解,Humanin是由核糖体RNA 16S基因MT-RNR2在线粒体小基因组的肽,线粒体是细胞能量的来源。早前,科学家就发现,这种蛋白有助于预防许多与年龄相关的症状,如AD(阿尔兹海默症)等,这次实验是首次证明它在延寿方面的作用。

为验证结论正确与否,科学家又将蠕虫和小鼠的基因进行编辑使其体内产生更多Humanin。结果发现,不仅实验组的神经和细胞得到保护,寿命也显著延长。

02 蛋白Humanin背后的作用机制:线粒体

面对超预期的实验结果,南加州大学戴维斯学院院长Pinchas Cohen认为,研究结果突出了Humanin和其他线粒体蛋白成为与年龄相关病症的治疗手段的潜力,进一步强化了线粒体的重要性。

作为人体的"细胞能量工厂",线粒体不仅能够产生细胞生存所需要的大约90%的化学燃料三磷酸腺苷(ATP),同时还影响着诸多细胞过程,如细胞死亡和免疫响应。近年来,这种物质对身体健康和寿命长短的重要影响也得到越来越多研究证实。

 

 

2013年,哈佛大学医学院在一项抗衰实验中发现,NAD前体将实验小鼠体内线粒体功能提升至年轻水平后,不仅它们的衰老过程被相应逆转,寿命也延长了近1/3。2019年,这一研究结果还间接得到世界三大权威杂志《Nature》证实。他们在一篇总结人类相对的靠谱的抗衰技术论文中,提到了多种抗衰通道,其中之一就是线粒体。

今年5月,西班牙科学家María Mittelbrunn教授也发现,当免疫细胞里的线粒体功能出现故障时,会出现加速衰老现象,最高可达70%。可在使用依那西普和NAD前体等物质修复线粒体损伤后,实验小鼠的早衰现象便会得到改善,总体状态也更加年轻。

03 令人兴奋的衰老研究时代

随着学界对线粒体的深入研究,衰老的谜团正被层层揭开,人们在抗老这条路上开始走得更快。目前,以线粒体为靶点的抗衰物二甲双胍已正式进入临床试验。此前哈佛大学发现的逆转线粒体衰老物质烟酰胺单核苷酸也已平价量产。而西班牙女教授Mittelbrunn提到另一种线粒体损伤修复物依那西普也早已作为抗风湿注射剂全面投入使用。

据了解,南加州大学Cohen实验室是独立发现Humanin并继续解开线粒体基因组秘密的三个研究小组之一。"这项新研究强调了Humanin作为生命和健康的潜在强大调节者的重要性,进一步强化了线粒体的重要性,使其超越了传统意义上'细胞能量工厂'的角色。"Pinchas Cohen教授表示,后期,他们将进一步研究Humanin等线粒体肽在细胞内线粒体和细胞核之间的作用,期望未来可以利用它解决更多与衰老相关的问题。

在科技飞速发展的今天,很多"不可能"已经变成了"可能"。衰老和死亡这两个人类历史的永恒难题,也正被生命科技层层剖开。尽管人类基因决定了我们不能长生与不老,但通过医疗技术延缓衰老、甚至在某些情况下逆转衰老带来的相关症状,已经成为现实。可以乐观的相信,或许不久的将来,人类就可攻克衰老。

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    2021-01-15 tamgche
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    2020-09-23 ms3000000788774334

    0

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    2020-09-23 ms8000001157244006

    学到了

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1940441, encodeId=0f9019404417b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=0de4919efc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#human#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=9197, encryptionId=0de4919efc, topicName=human)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=674961, createdName=tamgche, createdTime=Fri Jan 15 15:41:05 CST 2021, time=2021-01-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1479884, encodeId=ea5a14e988402, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=456b4954350' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#延长寿命#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=49543, encryptionId=456b4954350, topicName=延长寿命)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d9587588723, createdName=hittouch, createdTime=Thu Sep 24 22:41:05 CST 2020, time=2020-09-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=887717, encodeId=216a88e7171d, content=好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=94, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210214/43b7543830fd40c1aa4edef9b88f4a28/6267a1fe6d1f48fda6fadce43a290bfb.jpg, createdBy=6cbf5420757, createdName=ms3000000788774334, createdTime=Wed Sep 23 16:56:20 CST 2020, time=2020-09-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=887647, encodeId=558b88e647a1, content=学到了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=93, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=fb1a5413751, createdName=ms8000001157244006, createdTime=Wed Sep 23 11:17:35 CST 2020, time=2020-09-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=887616, encodeId=045988e61600, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4c239032154' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#衰老#</a>线粒体似乎是瓶颈之一, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=139, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=90321, encryptionId=4c239032154, topicName=衰老)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20220519/c2ab253484ee4527a2d4e9589a4821ac/45de9bf494a54becb2ea4369c9d11e85.jpg, createdBy=7a3710, createdName=lovetcm, createdTime=Wed Sep 23 10:34:32 CST 2020, time=2020-09-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=887590, encodeId=144c88e59013, content=非常有意义的研究, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=bd3a2173825, createdName=1205a032m39(暂无昵称), createdTime=Wed Sep 23 09:41:01 CST 2020, time=2020-09-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=887587, encodeId=6bf888e587a4, content=学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=79, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20201110/2d55d24dc5fd419d994b7b920c79731b/d3c8bdca983c4af1b90220a8192e353a.jpg, createdBy=e14e5296465, createdName=飞翔的乌龟, createdTime=Wed Sep 23 09:13:32 CST 2020, time=2020-09-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=887574, encodeId=199988e574a2, content=读了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=aefd2480015, createdName=洋葱花, createdTime=Wed Sep 23 08:11:17 CST 2020, time=2020-09-23, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2020-09-23 lovetcm

    #衰老#线粒体似乎是瓶颈之一

    0

  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1940441, encodeId=0f9019404417b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=0de4919efc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#human#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=9197, encryptionId=0de4919efc, topicName=human)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=674961, createdName=tamgche, createdTime=Fri Jan 15 15:41:05 CST 2021, time=2021-01-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1479884, encodeId=ea5a14e988402, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=456b4954350' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#延长寿命#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=49543, encryptionId=456b4954350, topicName=延长寿命)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d9587588723, createdName=hittouch, createdTime=Thu Sep 24 22:41:05 CST 2020, time=2020-09-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=887717, encodeId=216a88e7171d, content=好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=94, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210214/43b7543830fd40c1aa4edef9b88f4a28/6267a1fe6d1f48fda6fadce43a290bfb.jpg, createdBy=6cbf5420757, createdName=ms3000000788774334, createdTime=Wed Sep 23 16:56:20 CST 2020, time=2020-09-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=887647, encodeId=558b88e647a1, content=学到了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=93, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=fb1a5413751, createdName=ms8000001157244006, createdTime=Wed Sep 23 11:17:35 CST 2020, time=2020-09-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=887616, encodeId=045988e61600, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4c239032154' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#衰老#</a>线粒体似乎是瓶颈之一, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=139, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=90321, encryptionId=4c239032154, topicName=衰老)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20220519/c2ab253484ee4527a2d4e9589a4821ac/45de9bf494a54becb2ea4369c9d11e85.jpg, createdBy=7a3710, createdName=lovetcm, createdTime=Wed Sep 23 10:34:32 CST 2020, time=2020-09-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=887590, encodeId=144c88e59013, content=非常有意义的研究, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=bd3a2173825, createdName=1205a032m39(暂无昵称), createdTime=Wed Sep 23 09:41:01 CST 2020, time=2020-09-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=887587, encodeId=6bf888e587a4, content=学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=79, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20201110/2d55d24dc5fd419d994b7b920c79731b/d3c8bdca983c4af1b90220a8192e353a.jpg, createdBy=e14e5296465, createdName=飞翔的乌龟, createdTime=Wed Sep 23 09:13:32 CST 2020, time=2020-09-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=887574, encodeId=199988e574a2, content=读了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=aefd2480015, createdName=洋葱花, createdTime=Wed Sep 23 08:11:17 CST 2020, time=2020-09-23, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2020-09-23 1205a032m39(暂无昵称)

    非常有意义的研究

    0

  7. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1940441, encodeId=0f9019404417b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=0de4919efc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#human#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=9197, encryptionId=0de4919efc, topicName=human)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=674961, createdName=tamgche, createdTime=Fri Jan 15 15:41:05 CST 2021, time=2021-01-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1479884, encodeId=ea5a14e988402, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=456b4954350' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#延长寿命#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=49543, encryptionId=456b4954350, topicName=延长寿命)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d9587588723, createdName=hittouch, createdTime=Thu Sep 24 22:41:05 CST 2020, time=2020-09-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=887717, encodeId=216a88e7171d, content=好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=94, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210214/43b7543830fd40c1aa4edef9b88f4a28/6267a1fe6d1f48fda6fadce43a290bfb.jpg, createdBy=6cbf5420757, createdName=ms3000000788774334, createdTime=Wed Sep 23 16:56:20 CST 2020, time=2020-09-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=887647, encodeId=558b88e647a1, content=学到了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=93, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=fb1a5413751, createdName=ms8000001157244006, createdTime=Wed Sep 23 11:17:35 CST 2020, time=2020-09-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=887616, encodeId=045988e61600, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4c239032154' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#衰老#</a>线粒体似乎是瓶颈之一, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=139, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=90321, encryptionId=4c239032154, topicName=衰老)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20220519/c2ab253484ee4527a2d4e9589a4821ac/45de9bf494a54becb2ea4369c9d11e85.jpg, createdBy=7a3710, createdName=lovetcm, createdTime=Wed Sep 23 10:34:32 CST 2020, time=2020-09-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=887590, encodeId=144c88e59013, content=非常有意义的研究, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=bd3a2173825, createdName=1205a032m39(暂无昵称), createdTime=Wed Sep 23 09:41:01 CST 2020, time=2020-09-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=887587, encodeId=6bf888e587a4, content=学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=79, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20201110/2d55d24dc5fd419d994b7b920c79731b/d3c8bdca983c4af1b90220a8192e353a.jpg, createdBy=e14e5296465, createdName=飞翔的乌龟, createdTime=Wed Sep 23 09:13:32 CST 2020, time=2020-09-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=887574, encodeId=199988e574a2, content=读了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=aefd2480015, createdName=洋葱花, createdTime=Wed Sep 23 08:11:17 CST 2020, time=2020-09-23, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2020-09-23 飞翔的乌龟

    学习

    0

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    2020-09-23 洋葱花

    读了

    0

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造血细胞移植(HCT)是治疗多种造血恶性肿瘤的关键方法。随着世界老龄化人口显著扩大,高龄HCT接受者和供者增加。然而,捐献者年龄超过60岁后每递增10年,HCT后总死亡率的危险率就会增加5.5%。

AGING CELL:上交大团队揭示衰老诱导肝脏脂肪变性背后的原因

非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)以肝脏中异常的甘油三酯(TG)积累为特征,已成为全球最常见的肝脏疾病之一,影响着发达国家多达三分之一的成年人。

Nature:衰老个体中特定代谢物的积累可促进肿瘤进展 

考虑到越来越多的证据表明,癌细胞外在因素是调控肿瘤进展的关键,研究人员提出假设,衰老可能会产生一个支持肿瘤进展和攻击性的系统环境。

Aging Cell:布洛芬拯救衰老过程中的记忆缺失

慢性炎症是许多神经退行性疾病的一个特征,并与年龄依赖性认知衰退有关。系统性炎症的生物标志物在认知能力下降的个体中升高,并被推测可能有助于提高发展痴呆症的风险。

Alzheimer's & Dementia:iSTAGING联盟:机器学习揭示大脑老化、白质疾病、淀粉样蛋白负担和认知之间的联系

研究人员在Alzheimer's & Dementia杂志发文,其在一个大型统一的磁共振成像数据库(11项研究;10216名受试者)中,通过机器学习研究了典型衰老的脑萎缩模式。