Neurology:纳他利珠单抗(natalizumab),治疗耐药性局灶性癫痫,有效性和安全性如何

2021-09-18 Freeman MedSci原创

然没有达到证明疗效的门槛,但没有意外的安全发现

癫痫患者的主要治疗方法是抗癫痫药物(ASD),它可以平衡神经元的兴奋和抑制。大约70%的患者在使用ASD后能达到控制癫痫发作的目的。然而,有一部分患者患有耐药性癫痫,其定义是在充分试验了2种可耐受的、适当选择和使用的ASD后,未能实现持续的癫痫发作自由。对于这些患者,可以采用手术、神经刺激、特殊饮食和/或其他疗法来控制癫痫发作。

耐药性的机制尚不清楚;然而,现有的ASD并不针对潜在的炎症过程,这可能是导致耐药性癫痫发作的原因。白细胞通过α4-整合素和血管细胞粘附分子-1(VCAM-1)之间的相互作用穿越血脑屏障(BBB),可能有助于大脑炎症、BBB渗漏和血浆成分进入脑实质,最终推动癫痫发作。这一假设在小鼠癫痫模型中得到了支持,在该模型中服用抗α4-整合素抗体可减少癫痫发作。在人类中,癫痫患者的中枢神经系统组织中存在着升高的脑白细胞,耐药性癫痫患者的手术标本显示了BBB通透性增加的证据。

纳他利珠单抗是一种抗α4-整合素的单克隆抗体,被批准用于治疗多发性硬化症。

藉此, 纽约大学的 Jacqueline A. French等人假设,通过减少白细胞-血管相互作用导致的BBB功能障碍,纳他利珠单抗提高了癫痫发作的阈值,从而减少癫痫复发。

反过来,癫痫发作的减少,将减少神经源性的由癫痫发作本身引起的炎症,从而打破BBB损伤、神经炎症和癫痫发作的循环。

因此,在OPUS研究中系统地探讨了纳他利珠单抗作为耐药局灶性癫痫的辅助治疗的有效性和安全性。

在6周的基线期间有≥6次癫痫发作的参与者按1:1的比例随机接受那妥珠单抗300毫克静脉注射或安慰剂,每4周一次,持续24周。主要疗效结果是对数转换后的癫痫发作频率从基线开始的变化,预定的治疗成功阈值是比安慰剂组相对减少31%的癫痫发作频率。可计算的癫痫发作类型为局灶性意识与运动体征,局灶性意识障碍,以及局灶性至双侧强直-阵挛。还评估了次要疗效终点/安全性。

在纳他利珠单抗300毫克组和安慰剂组的32名和34名参与者中,分别有30人(94%)和31人(91%)完成了安慰剂对照治疗期(一名参与者随机接受纳他利珠单抗,但由于静脉注射并发症而没有被注射)。

纳他利珠单抗相对于安慰剂的发作频率估计为-14.4%(95% CI -46.1%至36.1%,p = 0.51)。

癫痫发作频率比基线减少≥50%的参与者比例,纳他利珠单抗为31.3%,安慰剂为17.6%(几率比为2.09,95%CI为0.64-6.85,P = 0.22)。

接受纳他利珠单抗与安慰剂的24名(75%)和22名(65%)参与者报告了不良事件(AEs)。

这个研究的重要意义在于发现了:虽然没有达到证明疗效的门槛,但没有意外的安全发现,因此需要进一步探索可能的抗炎疗法来治疗耐药性癫痫。


原文出处:
French JA, Cole AJ, Faught E, et al. Safety and Efficacy of Nataluzimab as Adjunctive Therapy for People With Drug-Resistant Epilepsy: A Phase 2 Study. Neurology. Published online September 14, 2021:10.1212/WNL.0000000000012766. doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000012766

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    2022-08-14 yinhl1978
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    2021-09-20 bbjsj_1981
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    2021-09-19 医者仁者

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