Diabetologia:1型糖尿病患者低HbA1c和低血压是保护性心血管健康指标

2022-04-15 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

1型糖尿病患者低HbA1c和低血压是保护性心血管健康指标。

血管疾病,如心肌梗塞和中风,是糖尿病最重要的并发症之一。尽管全世界1型糖尿病(T1DM)人群的心血管并发症发生率有所下降,但这些糖尿病患者的并发症风险高于普通人群。男性1型糖尿病患者发生心血管并发症的风险比普通人群中的男性高4倍,而女性1型糖尿病患者的风险比普通人群中的女性高达8倍。

然而,具有心血管并发症高风险的T1DM患者可能会从生活方式的调整中获益,以降低他们患心血管疾病的风险。近期,发表在Diabetologia杂志上的研究前瞻性的评估了T1DM患者(1)具有有利的心血管健康指标的人和(2)通过这些指标的聚类来减少心血管疾病风险。

研究人员分析了来自EURODIAB前瞻性并发症研究的2313名参与者的数据。所有参与者都患有T1DM(51%为男性,平均±SD年龄为32±9岁)。研究了七项心血管健康指标--吸烟、BMI、体力活动、饮食评分、总胆固醇/高密度脂蛋白胆固醇比率、收缩压和舒张压的组合以及HbA1c--分为有利/不利的类别。Cox比例危害模型被用来计算每个指标的CVD发病率(95%CIs)。通过对每个人有利指标的数量进行打分,进行聚类。

结果显示,在平均±SD的7.2±1.3年随访期间,共有163人发生了心血管疾病。HbA1c水平<57 mmol/mol(<7.4%)的参与者比HbA1c水平较高的参与者的CVD风险明显降低37%(HR [95% CI] 0.63 [0.44, 0.91]),血压较低的参与者(收缩压<112 mmHg和舒张压<70 mmHg)的CVD风险比血压高的参与者明显降低44%(HR [95% CI] 0.56 [0.34, 0.92])。

进一步发现了一种剂量反应关系,即随着更多有利指标的聚集,观察到更低的CVD风险:与没有有利指标的人相比,有四个或更多有利指标的人的风险降低63%(HR=0.37,95% CI 0.18, 0.76)。

综上,1型糖尿病患者低HbA1c和低血压是保护性心血管健康指标。针对所有的心血管健康指标可能比针对单一指标更有效地预防心血管疾病。

参考文献:

Incident cardiovascular disease by clustering of favourable risk factors in type 1 diabetes: the EURODIAB Prospective Complications Study. Diabetologia (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-022-05698-2

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    2022-12-12 Smile2680
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