垂体柄截断综合征1例

2018-03-16 佚名 四川大学学报(医学版)

患者,男,18岁。因“生长发育落后10+年,外生殖器及第二性征发育不良3+年”入院。

【一般资料】

患者,男,18岁。

【主诉】

因“生长发育落后10+年,外生殖器及第二性征发育不良3+年”入院。

【体格检查】

身高152cm,体质量52.2kg,体质量指数22.6kg/m2,腹围80cm,臀围86cm,指间距150cm。心率72min—1,嗅觉正常,无阴毛、腋毛生长,无喉结及变声,外生殖器幼稚型,阴茎长约3cm,睾丸容积1mL,Tanner分期G1期。

【辅助检查】

患者垂体-肾上腺轴相关激素(促肾上腺皮质激素12.31ng/L,清晨皮质醇175.2nmol/L,24h尿游离皮质醇20.3pg)和垂体-甲状腺轴相关激素(促甲状腺激素2.62mU/L,血清游离甲状腺素12.83pmol/L)及催乳素(8.74ng/mL)均在正常参考值范围;低于正常参考值下限的有垂体—性腺轴相关激素(黄体生成素<0.1mlU/nLL卵泡刺激素0.89mIU/mL,睾酮〈0.03ng/mL,脱氢表雄酮〈0.189pmol/L)和生长激素(<0.03ng/mL)。蝶鞍区增强核磁共振(MRI)示垂体前叶完全缺如,垂体柄缺如,垂体后叶异位。骨龄(左手腕)检测提示骨龄相当于13.0岁,骨龄明显落后,低于第3百分位(附图1)。超声示:脂肪肝;双侧阴嚢内查见睾丸样回声,右侧睾丸体积13mmX11mmX10mm,左侧睾丸体积13mm×10mm×16mm,实质回声均匀,未见确切占位,内未见异常血流信号。外周血淋巴细胞培养染色体核型:46,XY。

【初步诊断

垂体柄截断综合征(PSIS)。

【治疗】

入院前曾于当地儿童医院予以人绒毛膜促性腺液素(hCG)治疗。患者有甲状腺功能减退症,优甲乐一直口服至今。甲状腺激素水平替代治疗后基本正常,患者无甲状腺功能减退或尿崩症等临床表现,并予以生长激素替代治疗,目前仍在定期随访中。

【讨论】

PSIS是由于各种原因导致垂体柄截断并致使下丘脑分泌的激素无法通过垂体柄或垂体门脉系统而导致的—系列临床症候群。PSIS罕见,发病机制不明。青少年PSIS患者临床表现取决于其相关激素缺乏的程度,典型影像特征特征为垂体后叶异位、垂体柄截断和腺垂体发育不良。本研究的青少年PSIS患者的临床、生化和影像特点为:①骨龄落后,生长激素缺乏导致发育迟缓,身高低于同年龄健康青少年男性的平均身高;②存在垂体前叶功能减退的临床表现,包括垂体-甲状腺轴功能减退表现。③蝶鞍区MRI示垂体柄缺如。PSIS的临床治疗主要针对腺垂体功能减退(即垂体前叶功能减退)治疗原则主要是腺垂体相关激素替代治疗,除性腺激素需到青春期除外,其他激素缺乏应从诊断开始即给予替代治疗。垂体性身材矮小患者如果能及时和足量进行生长激素替代治疗,一般可达到正常成人平均身高。PSIS诊断主要依靠蝶鞍区MRI和特征性内分泌激素改变,包括垂体前叶及后叶功能障碍,主要表现为生长发育障碍和性发育不良。儿童青少年PSIS早期诊断和治疗意义重大,但本研究中患者就诊时间偏晚,几近成年。国外报道最早26个月婴幼儿即明确诊断。本例患者早年曲折的就医历程也提示儿科医师对于PSIS认识尚有不足。通过临床内分泌和影像特点分析有助于提高临床医师对PSIS的诊治能力,多学科协作是诊疗这类疑难垂体疾病的必由之路。

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    2018-03-18 chendoc244
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    2018-03-17 yfjms

    学习

    0

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    2018-03-17 惠映实验室

    学习了.谢谢分享.

    0

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    2018-03-16 虈亣靌

    好文.值得点赞!认真学习了.把经验应用于实践.为患者解除病痛.

    0

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JCEM:根据复发的危险性,垂体神经内分泌肿瘤可分为五级(前瞻性研究)

神经内分泌肿瘤(Neuroendocrine neoplasm,NEN)是起源于神经内分泌细胞的一大类肿瘤,像胰岛素瘤、胃泌素瘤、类癌等都归属于此。目前,神经内分泌肿瘤的发病率为6.2/10万,其病因尚不十分明确。绝大多数病人与遗传无关,仅5%的病人有遗传背景,如垂体出现的肿瘤。大多数垂体神经内分泌肿瘤(PitNET)是良性的,但仍有相当多的一部分是侵袭性、易复发或抵抗药物治疗的。基于回顾性病例对

JAMA:一分钟快速了解垂体腺瘤的诊断和治疗进展

垂体腺瘤可以分泌激素或引起大量效应。因此,对其进行早期诊断和治疗十分重要。成人中垂体腺瘤的流行范围为1/865-1/2688。其中约50%是微腺瘤(<10mm);其余为大腺瘤(≥10mm)。垂体腺瘤可以引起头痛、垂体机能减退和视野缺陷。对其的治疗包括经蝶式手术、药物治疗和放射治疗。催乳素瘤占腺瘤的32%至66%,并且表现为闭经、性欲丧失、乳溢、女性不育和性欲丧失、勃起功能障碍和男性不育症;它

2011垂体领域年度进展

  2011年8月19日,在在第十次全国内分泌学学术会议上,北京大学第一医院郭晓蕙教授总结了今年垂体领域的进展,主要为以下3方面:   修订生长激素瘤和肢端肥大症中国专家共识   随着诊断、检测手段和显微外科的发展以及新药的上市,生长激素瘤和肢端肥大症的诊治水平不断提高。   1、流行病学数据   国外的最新流行病学数据表明,生长激素瘤的发病率在7-10/100万人/年,已经不是罕见疾病,

PLoS One:垂体腺瘤卒中的危险因素研究进展

垂体腺瘤卒中(PA)是指垂体腺瘤出血或梗死引起的突发性头痛、呕吐、视力下降甚至意识障碍等急性综合征,多数发生于未经诊断的垂体腺瘤患者。目前有关PA的研究较少,国内没有统一的PA诊断标准和治疗预后的随机对照研究。上海华山医院内分泌和代谢科的Xiaoming Zhu等报道该院神经外科和垂体腺瘤研究中心李士其教授和叶红英教授等对PA的危险因素回顾性临床研究结果,发表于2015年9月25日的《PLoS O