Nature:暨南大学尹芝南团队发现,IL-27能促进白色脂肪棕色化产热,燃烧你的卡路里!

2021-12-20 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

白细胞介素IL-27信号通路能够靶向脂肪组织,促进脂肪分解产热,从而减轻肥胖并改善二型糖尿病。

肥胖,是机体长期能量摄入超过能量消耗,过剩的能量以甘油三酯的形式贮存在脂肪组织中,导致体内脂肪堆积。肥胖不仅影响了我们的身材,还与一系列疾病息息相关,包括糖尿病、冠心病,甚至癌症。

 

尽管现代社会以“瘦”为美,“胖”却依然大行其道。在今年6月柳叶刀子刊发表了一项中国人群的肥胖研究,公布的数据令人触目惊心——在中国,有34.3%的成人处于超重之中,16.4%的成人处于肥胖之中,涵盖了近半数中国成人!(按照中国标准,BMI 24.0-27.9kg/m2属于超重, BMI≥28.0 kg/m2属于肥胖)

 

肥胖的流行所带来的一系列疾病,不仅给患者家庭,也给社会造成了巨大的经济负担。对于肥胖的发病机制的探究以及相关药物的研发刻不容缓。

 

肥胖引起慢性炎症被认为是导致体内代谢紊乱的元凶之一,来自暨南大学的尹芝南教授团队从炎症因子入手,发现白细胞介素IL-27信号通路能够靶向脂肪组织,促进脂肪分解产热,从而减轻肥胖并改善二型糖尿病,该研究于近期发表在国际顶级期刊Nature杂志。

 

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为了寻找在肥胖过程中发挥作用的炎症因子,研究人员首先比较了肥胖人群与正常体重人群血清中炎症因子浓度差异,发现:

 

和正常体重人群相比,肥胖人群血清中IL-27的浓度显著减少,不仅如此,随着肥胖加剧,IL-27的水平还将进一步下降。并且,如果肥胖患者进行了减肥手术,那么他们体内下降的IL-27就会部分恢复。

 

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图注:图a.正常体重人群和肥胖人群血清IL-27水平。图b.肥胖患者手术前和手术后BMI水平以及血清IL-27浓度变化。

 

这些结果,使得研究人员将目光聚焦于IL-27。为了探明IL-27在肥胖过程中的作用,研究人员利用IL-27受体敲除小鼠(IL-27rα KO)和野生型小鼠进行高脂饮食诱导的肥胖实验。

 

结果显示:高脂饮食状态下,IL-27rα KO小鼠和野生型小鼠相比,体重增加更多,并表现出更严重的葡萄糖不耐受、胰岛素抵抗和脂肪肝。表明IL-27信号通路受损将导致小鼠对高热量食物更加敏感,更容易肥胖和代谢紊乱。


图片

图注:a.IL-27rα KO小鼠和野生型小鼠在普通饮食和高脂饮食状态下体重变化、b.脂肪组织、肝脏重量变化、c.糖耐量试验 d.胰岛素耐受试验

 

进一步,对两种小鼠能量代谢分析显示,尽管进食的量一样多,但是IL-27rα KO小鼠能量消耗更少,提取小鼠的脂肪组织进行转录组分析,研究人员发现敲除了IL-27 rα后,脂肪组织中产热相关的基因表达下调。

 

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图注:高脂饮食状态下,两种小鼠食物摄入量、耗氧量、能量消耗量。

 

事实上,脂肪组织分为白色脂肪组织和棕色脂肪组织,白色脂肪组织负责储存能量,而棕色脂肪组织细胞中含有较多的线粒体并表达解偶联蛋白UCP1,负责产生和释放热量,也就是我们常说的“燃烧卡路里”。促进白色脂肪向棕色脂肪转化,提高能量代谢,是治疗肥胖的关键靶点之一。

 

那么IL-27信号通路能否通过影响白色脂肪棕色化(browning),进而影响肥胖的呢?

 

已知在寒冷条件下,白色脂肪发生棕色化产生热量。研究者将两组小鼠放在4度的环境中,和野生型小鼠相比,IL-27rα KO小鼠产热能力下降,不能够维持基础体温,对寒冷的耐受能力更低。

 

此外,IL-27rα KO小鼠白色脂肪组织中,产热关键蛋白UCP1表达量也较低,多房脂滴数量较少(棕色脂肪组织的特征),也就是说,IL-27信号通路的缺失,抑制了白色脂肪棕色化

 

图片

图注:寒冷条件下,a.两种小鼠的生存率,b.体温,c.25度条件下UCP1蛋白表达情况,d.4度条件下UCP1蛋白表达情况。

 

尽管以往的研究显示免疫细胞在肥胖过程中发挥重要作用,然而在进一步寻找IL-27作用的靶细胞(即IL-27rα表达细胞)过程中,研究人员发现,敲除淋巴细胞或者髓样细胞上的IL-27rα,对肥胖过程并不起作用,只有敲除了脂肪细胞上的IL-27rα,才能重现之前的实验结果。

 

不仅如此,向体外培养的脂肪细胞加入IL-27刺激后,脂肪细胞UCP-1表达增多,参与能量代谢的关键转录因子PPARα和PGC-1α表达上调。

 

这些结果证明了IL-27通过直接靶向脂肪组织在白色脂肪棕色化过程中发挥作用。

 

既然IL-27能够促进脂肪产热,能量消耗,临床结果也显示肥胖患者血清中IL-27含量降低,那么IL-27是否具有治疗肥胖的潜力呢?

 

研究人员又向野生型的肥胖小鼠体内注射100ug/kg 体重重组鼠源IL-27后,惊喜出现了:肥胖小鼠体重下降,脂肪堆积减少,胰岛素抵抗以及肝脂肪变性症状得到改善,并且注射IL-27后并未导致小鼠体内系统性炎症和组织损伤发生。

 

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图注:d.肥胖小鼠注射IL-27后体重变化,e.脂肪组织、肝脏重量变化,f.糖耐量变化,i.肝脂肪变性情况。

 

总的来说,本项研究发现了IL-27在促进脂肪产热、预防饮食诱导肥胖以及改善胰岛素抵抗中具有关键作用,IL-27用于肥胖的免疫治疗,未来可期!

 

也许在不久的将来,不运动、不节食,注射一针IL-27,轻松燃烧卡路里!

 

参考文献:

[1] Wang Q, Li D, Cao G, et al. IL-27 signalling promotes adipocyte thermogenesis and energy expenditure. Nature. 2021;600(7888):314-318.

[2] Pan XF, Wang L, Pan A. Epidemiology and determinants of obesity in China [published correction appears in Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2021 Jul;9(7):e2]. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2021;9(6):373-392.

 

撰文 | 四五七

编辑 | Swagpp

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    2022-07-12 liye789132251
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    2021-12-25 ms5000000106893534

    厉害👍🏻

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1885548, encodeId=739a18855487e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=26, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Tue Jul 12 21:25:52 CST 2022, time=2022-07-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1756238, encodeId=7d981e5623898, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1303e175932' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#白色脂肪#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=39, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=71759, encryptionId=1303e175932, topicName=白色脂肪)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=017537082563, createdName=liuyg0240, createdTime=Sat Jun 18 20:25:52 CST 2022, time=2022-06-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1084200, encodeId=be1b108420080, content=厉害👍🏻, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=46, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f5f05573011, createdName=ms5000000106893534, createdTime=Sat Dec 25 19:17:06 CST 2021, time=2021-12-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1082055, encodeId=b0f3108205571, content=因为病人血清观察IL-27 有变化,之后用小鼠做通路研究,算是模板了吧, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=1, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=02652902302, createdName=414104166, createdTime=Mon Dec 20 12:13:53 CST 2021, time=2021-12-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1546882, encodeId=e957154688224, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=54c03654041' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#卡路里#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=36540, encryptionId=54c03654041, topicName=卡路里)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=834213951253, createdName=ms1948154235210413, createdTime=Wed Dec 22 00:25:52 CST 2021, time=2021-12-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1626076, encodeId=41b016260e62c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=87369652f3' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#IL-2#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=49, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=9652, encryptionId=87369652f3, topicName=IL-2)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=ea8220955712, createdName=tomyang93, createdTime=Wed Dec 22 00:25:52 CST 2021, time=2021-12-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1082733, encodeId=85761082e33c4, content=行业历史上的突破点赞, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=53, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/ccpIPibkaTQdQ6y88yDtEPU4sh7lOzQCoopxc1IF22vpUQnkfEo0ibeARK8byaF0OTCQp7uthiczsETh7ROyYYnaw/132, createdBy=81f25308124, createdName=肾达人, createdTime=Tue Dec 21 22:13:07 CST 2021, time=2021-12-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1082304, encodeId=893f108230432, content=我校威武, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=41, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20220625/6f4f075937de4c5d9fc7ab3a1bc6d8c2/13a8a29e67044698af1fb74276589093.jpg, createdBy=b5c55099112, createdName=D-House, createdTime=Tue Dec 21 05:59:42 CST 2021, time=2021-12-21, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-12-20 414104166

    因为病人血清观察IL-27 有变化,之后用小鼠做通路研究,算是模板了吧

    1

    展开1条回复
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    2021-12-22 tomyang93
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    2021-12-21 肾达人

    行业历史上的突破点赞

    0

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    2021-12-21 D-House

    我校威武

    0

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