NEJM:以色列第三针新冠疫苗加强针的真实世界结果发布,确诊感染率下降11倍,重症发生率低20倍

2021-09-19 刘其会 华山感染

2021年9月15日,新英格兰医学杂志在线发表了大家都非常关注的以色列卫生部推广第三针新冠疫苗加强针的保护力数据。

2021年9月15日,新英格兰医学杂志在线发表了大家都非常关注的以色列卫生部推广第三针新冠疫苗加强针的保护力数据。

图片

 

研究背景

接种新冠疫苗实现群体免疫已被证明是防控新冠肺炎疫情、降低疾病负担的非常成功的策略。以色列作为全球接种新冠疫苗最快的国家之一,早在2021年3月底,一半以上的人口完成了全程疫苗接种(即接种了两剂疫苗)。以色列每天的新冠肺炎发病率从2021年1月中旬的900例/百万人口降低到2021年6月份不到2例/百万人口。

然而,因新冠病毒出现变异,尤其是delta病毒株传播力显著增强,以色列新冠疫情再次暴发。2021年8月底每天确诊新冠病例达1万多例,其中每天600多例重症患者需要住院治疗。 

为应对delta变异株带来的挑战并减轻医疗保健系统的负担,以色列卫生部于2021年7月12日批准了加强剂量(即第三针辉瑞疫苗)的接种,首先是针对高危人群,然后于2021年7月30 日开始对年满 60 岁或以上的人群进行加强针接种。 

本研究拟通过对比接种两针和接种三针新冠疫苗的60岁以上人群的突破感染率、重症率来量化加强剂在真实世界的保护作用。

研究方法

研究者于2021年9月2日从以色列卫生部数据库中提取了2021 年 7 月 30 日至 8 月 31日期间新冠确诊病例传报及新冠疫苗接种相关的数据

研究对象

纳入标准:

1、60岁及以上人群,且2021年7月30日时还在世;

2、2021年3月1日前完成2针疫苗接种;

3、入组前无新冠核酸阳性记录;

排除标准:

1、2021年8月期间出国;

2、在2021年7月30日新冠核酸阳性记录;

3、在2021年7月30日之前接受过加强剂量;在2021年1月16日之前已完成两针疫苗接种。

4、无明确的性别信息。

研究时间

本研究从2021年7月30日加强针接种活动启动开始,统计截至2021年8月30日确诊新冠病例数、截至2021 年8月26日的重症新冠病例数。采用该时间表是为留出一周的随访时间(直到2021年9月2日提取数据时)以确定是否已经发展为重症病例。

研究结局

在60岁以上人群中,比较加强针接种12天后(加强组)与未接受加强针(非加强组)之间的新冠肺炎确诊率和重病率的差异。

研究结果

图片

表1 非加强组和加强组两组人群的临床特征数据对比

表1列出了非加强组和加强组两组人群的一些临床特征数据对比。由于这两个研究组的成员都是动态的,参与者可能先后为这两个组提供数据,因此本研究分析时采用了每个组的风险人天数,而不是每个组的人员数量。在非加强组中,确诊感染的风险人天数约为520万人天,重症病例的风险人天数约为460万人天,其中确诊感染 4439例,重症病例294例。在加强组中,确诊感染的风险人天数为1060万人天,重症病例风险人天数为 630万人天,其中确诊感染934例,重症病例29例

与非加强组相比,加强组的男性比例较多(49% vs 42%),犹太人比例更高(92% vs 81%),70岁以上人群比例更高(58% vs 46%),2021年1月份接种疫苗的参与者比例更高(74% vs 38%)。研究者在计算相对危险度RR值时将会根据这些组间差异进行调整。

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表2 汇总了非加强组和加强组两组人群的确诊病例、重症病例的数据

从表2可看出,加强组的确诊感染率比非加强组的确诊感染率低 11.3 倍(95% 置信区间:10.4 至 12.3)。确诊感染的绝对组间差异为每百万人天86.6 例感染。加强组的重症病例发生率比非加强组低19.5倍(95% CI,12.9 至 29.5)。重症病例的绝对组间差异为每百万人天7.5 例。

图片

图2:加强针接种后天数1-25天,非加强组确诊感染率与加强组确诊感染率的比值变化

图 2 显示了非加强组确诊感染率与加强组确诊感染率的比值随着加强针接种后时间的推移的变化趋势。在接受加强针后的12 至 25 天内,加强组的确诊感染率比非加强组低7至20倍。

研究结论

了解疫苗加强针所获得的保护力对于新冠疫情防控政策至关重要。2021 年 7 月 30 日,以色列是世界上第一个向所有 60 岁或以上且至少在 5 个月前接种过两针疫苗的人提供第三剂辉瑞疫苗的国家。本研究结果清楚地表明即使是针对目前占主导地位的 delta 变异株,疫苗加强针具有明显的保护作用。在60岁以上人群中,接种加强针的确诊感染率比接种两针疫苗的确诊感染率低11.3 倍,接种加强针的重症病例发生率比接种两针疫苗的重症病例发生率低19.5倍。

如果以提供高水平的短期免疫力为目标,接种加强针或许是一个好办法。但该研究目前只关注了接种加强针后的短期保护效果(接种加强针疫苗后12天-25天),对于加强针增强的保护作用能持续多久,有待进一步研究。

参考文献:

Yinon M. Bar-On, M.Sc., Yair Goldberg, et al, Protection of BNT162b2 Vaccine Booster against Covid-19 in Israel,N Engl J Med. 2021 Sep 15. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2114255.

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    v么有既然爱咯付款了?囖来看看

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1826729, encodeId=b6241826e2998, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e5283e89970' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#发生率#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=40, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=37899, encryptionId=e5283e89970, topicName=发生率)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=30bd35, createdName=一叶知秋, createdTime=Sun Jun 12 00:27:22 CST 2022, time=2022-06-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1295336, encodeId=5e9e129533642, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=0425e2636b8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#真实世界#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=42, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=72636, encryptionId=0425e2636b8, topicName=真实世界)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=5b34252, createdName=chenshujs, createdTime=Tue Sep 21 09:27:22 CST 2021, time=2021-09-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1053214, encodeId=dc51105321410, content=v么有既然爱咯付款了?囖来看看, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=59, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTIrrxxDxnLic8t6EAs38Qfwo6H2h6JMleIgb9OSYf6LMnVDkQEqUXWoSDWboibjhOBI9SJDTXweqQIA/132, createdBy=50aa5321359, createdName=查查佳佳, createdTime=Mon Sep 20 10:23:44 CST 2021, time=2021-09-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1053094, encodeId=2a6a1053094e9, content=🏥🌄📌📌📌<a href='/topic/show?id=46ce580e865' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#新冠肺炎#</a>第三针, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=84, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=58078, encryptionId=46ce580e865, topicName=新冠肺炎)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20220519/c2ab253484ee4527a2d4e9589a4821ac/45de9bf494a54becb2ea4369c9d11e85.jpg, createdBy=7a3710, createdName=医者仁者, createdTime=Sun Sep 19 20:11:11 CST 2021, time=2021-09-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1053072, encodeId=af6010530e25a, content=期侍加强针!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=67, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210703/9c448fe1b3b54fd7bc9477662f4861bb/4bdadad22bfd46f2921aabb4c40265d3.jpg, createdBy=a8d81938466, createdName=weigq, createdTime=Sun Sep 19 18:48:36 CST 2021, time=2021-09-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1053065, encodeId=df6d105306521, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=85d5104410a1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#加强针#</a>终于有数据了,FDA还在与辉瑞在争论呢,看来加强针,几乎是必然的了<a href='/topic/show?id=46ce580e865' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#新冠肺炎#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=106, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=104410, encryptionId=85d5104410a1, topicName=加强针), TopicDto(id=58078, encryptionId=46ce580e865, topicName=新冠肺炎)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20211210/ede9c51184aa4f54ae6c1164cfb8eeac/967dbf3eff2943c7bf3ccfec3a776ab0.JPG, createdBy=a33789389, createdName=病毒猎手, createdTime=Sun Sep 19 18:45:03 CST 2021, time=2021-09-19, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-09-19 医者仁者

    🏥🌄📌📌📌#新冠肺炎#第三针

    0

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    2021-09-19 weigq

    期侍加强针!

    0

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    2021-09-19 病毒猎手

    #加强针#终于有数据了,FDA还在与辉瑞在争论呢,看来加强针,几乎是必然的了#新冠肺炎#

    0

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