老年食管炎伴吞咽困难,治疗方案如何选择?

2019-05-23 不详 消化界

患者张某,68岁,女性(下称:张老太),因“吞咽困难及恶心呕吐3月余”就诊。

病例摘要:

患者张某,68岁,女性(下称:张老太),因“吞咽困难及恶心呕吐3月余”就诊。

病史:患者有多年骨关节炎,高血压糖尿病、脑血管病病史,存在长期自行治疗的“消化不良”,近3个月出现严重的吞咽困难及恶心呕吐症状,4周内体重下降约9斤。

用药史:因关节痛每日服用NSAID(非甾体抗炎药);因高血压服用HTZ(氢氯噻嗪) 及一种ACEI(血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂)类药物,补钾治疗;因糖尿病服用降糖药;因脑血管病服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和复合维生素。


内镜检查:LA-C级食管炎、食管远端狭窄(图1)及幽门梗阻。
病理组织学检查:活动性食管炎,未发现恶性病变。


图1:内镜图片

这个病例,你get到了什么?

追根溯源,这是位“老年”患者:LA-C级食管炎,吞咽困难,幽门梗阻,还有多重慢性疾病。在老龄化加剧的今天,这种病人我们临床常见。针对这类患者,我们首先应了解患者特点,再分析用药需求,最后才能对症治疗。

我国老年人群众多,WHO《关于老龄化与健康的全球报告》显示[1],截止到2015年,中国60岁及以上老年人口所占比例为10%~20%,但是预计到2050年这一比例将超过30%。

老年人群中,吞咽困难、排空延迟、幽门梗阻的发生率均高于其他人群(图2)[2-7]。






图2:老年人发病特点

综上所述,老年人合并症多、器官功能减退,存在多重疾病和多重用药的风险,所以老年人用药途径选择的多样性和安全性就显得尤为重要。

张老太就是该类患者的典型代表:吞咽困难、排空延迟、幽门梗阻等多重疾病限制了用药的选择。然而,目前我国适用于老年患者药品严重不足[8,9]。

针对张老太,我们该如何选择治疗方案?

该患者主治医生给予的治疗方案:球囊扩张、兰索拉唑口崩片治疗。

治疗结果:3个月后进行内镜随访确认食管炎完全治愈,呕吐症状减轻,吞咽困难偶尔发作。

选择治疗方案考量因素:
1、疗效确切;

2、不加重吞咽困难和食管受损患者的负担;

3、药物相互作用少,不影响氯吡格雷抗血小板活性。

针对以上需求,兰索拉唑口崩片30s口腔崩解、无需用水、易吞服,330μm超细肠溶微粒,可快速通过胃幽门进入小肠,受胃排空影响的可能性较小,药物相互作用少[10-12],因此可作为合并多重疾病的老年患者的优选方案。
 
除此以外,针对需限制入液的ICU患者、ESD围术期等患者,也需要服用方便,可以多种途径给药的兰索拉唑口崩片。在保证疗效同时,日治疗费用低于其他原研PPI和PPI针剂[13-16]。目前已在国际临床上广泛应用,作为中国唯一的PPI口崩片,兰索拉唑口崩片进入医保对国家和患者均有更多获益,减轻疾病经济负担的同时也可提高患者生活质量,为建设“健康中国”增砖添瓦!

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    2019-08-22 一个字-牛

    学习了谢谢分享

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    2019-05-25 zhouqu_8
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    2019-05-23 一个字-牛

    学习了谢谢分享

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