Clin Infect Dis:流感-MRSA肺炎的重症儿童:万古霉素单药治疗充分吗?

2019-02-27 王淳 环球医学

2019年1月,美国学者发表在《Clin Infect Dis》的一项研究表明,万古霉素单一治疗对于共感染耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)的流感相关重症儿童可能是不充分的。

2019年1月,美国学者发表在《Clin Infect Dis》的一项研究表明,万古霉素单一治疗对于共感染耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)的流感相关重症儿童可能是不充分的。

背景:儿童流感病毒和MRSA共感染可造成危及生命的坏死性肺炎。散发型发病率排除了抗生素有效性的评估。研究者评估了流感-MRSA肺炎的重症儿童的临床特征和结局,并评估了抗生素的使用。

方法:研究者纳入2008年11月~2016年5月34个儿童重症监护病房的流感感染合并呼吸衰竭的儿童(<18岁)。研究者比较了MRSA感染、非MRSA细菌感染和无细菌感染儿童的基线特征、临床结局和治疗方案。

结果:研究者纳入了170名儿童(127人甲型流感,43人乙型流感)。流感-MRSA肺炎儿童(30人,87%既往健康)比非MRSA(61人)或无(79人)细菌共感染的儿童岁数更大。与其他组相比,流感-MRSA与白细胞减少症、急性肺损伤、血管加压素的使用、体外生命支持和死亡率的增加相关(P≤0.0001)。共MRSA感染的儿童的流感相关死亡率为40%,无MRSA感染者为4.3%(相对风险[RR],9.3;95% 置信区间[CI],3.8~22.9)。29/30名住院后第一个24小时内接受万古霉素的MRSA儿童中,如果治疗方案也包括第二种抗MRSA抗生素,则死亡率为12.5%(2/16),而万古霉素单药治疗为69.2%(9/13)(RR,5.5;95% CI,1.4~21.3;P=0.003)。万古霉素剂量不影响初始谷水平,78%的儿童<10μg/mL。

结论:流感-MRSA共感染与重症儿童较高的致死性相关。这些数据支持可能重症病例早期添加第二种抗MRSA抗生素到万古霉素中可以获得更好临床收益。

原始出处:

Randolph AG, Xu R, Novak T, et al.Vancomycin Monotherapy May Be Insufficient to Treat Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Coinfection in Children With Influenza-related Critical Illness.Clin Infect Dis. 2019 Jan 18;68(3):365-372. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciy495.

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