NEJM:稳定性冠心病,该不该放支架?(ISCHEMIA研究)

2020-04-12 MedSci MedSci原创

2007年发表的COURAGE研究显示,在稳定性冠心病患者中,血运重建较最佳药物治疗(OMT)并无额外获益。对此,医学界存在一定的争议。在2019美国心脏协会科学年会(AHA 2019)期间,ISCH

2007年发表的COURAGE研究显示,在稳定性冠心病患者中,血运重建较最佳药物治疗(OMT)并无额外获益。对此,医学界存在一定的争议。在2019美国心脏协会科学年会(AHA 2019)期间,ISCHEMIA研究的发布或再次佐证了这一结果。研究显示,与单纯最佳药物治疗相比,在此基础上进行介入治疗并不能使伴有中重度心肌缺血的稳定性冠心病(SIHD)患者获益更多。上周,在NEJM上公布了全部的结果,同时在3月30日NEJM上还公布了CKD患者伴有缺血性心脏病,进行侵入性治疗的结果。此前报道:NEJM:介入治疗或对稳定性冠状动脉疾病患者无益

1. ISCHEMIA研究设计

ISCHEMIA试验由美国国立心肺血液研究所(NHLBI)资助,目的是在中重度SIHD患者中比较OMT与侵入性治疗策略的疗效。研究主要的排除标准包括eGFR<30 ml/min、近期心肌梗死(MI)、左心室射血分数(LVEF)<35%、左主干狭窄>50%或基线时不可接受的心绞痛(unacceptable angina)。大多数肾功能正常的受试者首先接受盲法冠状动脉CT血管造影,以排除有冠脉左主干病变和无梗阻性冠状动脉病变(CAD)的受试者。

本研究共纳入来自37个国家和地区的320个中心的5179例受试者,并随机分为两组:OMT组(2591例)和干预组(2588例)。干预组患者在最佳药物治疗基础上进行冠脉介入治疗[经皮冠状动脉介入术(PCI)或冠状动脉搭桥术(CABG)]。研究中患者的中位年龄为64岁,女性为23%,34%为非白人,16%为西班牙裔,41%为糖尿病患者,90%有心绞痛病史。

 

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图1 研究组织和设计

研究的主要终点为心血管死亡、MI、心脏骤停复苏、以及因不稳定性心绞痛或心衰住院的复合事件终点。主要次要终点为心血管死亡或MI。

2. ISCHEMIA临床结局报告

研究显示,两组间主要终点事件的发生率无显著差异(干预组 vs. OMT组=13.3% vs. 15.5%;校正HR=0.93;95%CI:0.80-1.08;p=0.34)。5年的主要终点事件表明,OMT策略在前两年的事件发生率较低,而干预组则在3-5年间发生的事件较少。两组间的绝对差异较小,导致了最终的等效结果。

图2 研究的主要终点

在主要的次要终点心血管死亡和心梗方面,亦呈相似趋势,4年时亦无显著差异(HR=0.90;95%CI:0.77-1.06)。

 

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图3 主要的次要终点结局

研究结果表明,在OMT的基础上进行介入治疗不能进一步改善此类患者的临床预后。

然而,在此类患者中就真的不进行支架置入了?

3. ISCHEMIA生活质量报告

研究者应用7项西雅图心绞痛问卷(SAQ)在随机化前1.5、3和6个月及随机化后每6个月评估患者的健康状况,如图4。主要生活质量终点为SAQ总分(SS),次要终点包括SAQ的心绞痛频率(AF)和生活质量结果(QoL)。

 

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图4 生活质量评估设计

一个关键的、预先指定的亚组分析对比了随机化策略在亚组患者中的疗效。这些亚组按基线时的AF进行分层:每天/每周的SAQ AF<60、每月的SAQ-AF为61-99和无心绞痛SAQ-AF=100进行分组。

最终,共4617例患者(89%)完成了基线QoL评估,并被纳入QoL分析。其中,80%的患者,在随访的前两年完成了SAQ评估。中位年龄为65岁(IQR:59-71),23%为女性,27%为非白人,16%为西班牙裔,40%患有糖尿病。基线SAQ SS、AF和QoL评分分别为74±19分、81±20分和62±26分;20%的患者基线SAQ AF评分≤60分。

研究显示,主要结局SAQ总分支持在3个月时、1年和3年时干预组可使患者获益,如图5。与整体队列相比,SAQ总分更倾向于支持每日/每周心绞痛或每月至少1次心绞痛的患者。

 

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图5 SQA总评分

在血管造影后行PCI或CABG可明显缓解心绞痛。在1年时,50%的干预组患者无心绞痛,而OMT组仅为20%,如图6(左);QoL评分如图6(右)所示。

 

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图6 SAQ AF评分(左)和QoL评分(右)

研究表明,较单纯OMT相比,ISCHEMIA可为PCI或CABG在SIHD和中、重度缺血患者中改善健康状况提供证据。

整体而言,在中度或重度缺血的整体试验人群中,35%的参与者在基线时没有心绞痛。对于有心绞痛的人群而言,侵入性策略可能优于保守治疗。在总体组中,无症状患者之间的差异很小,而在基线时有心绞痛的患者中差异较大。

不过,梅斯医学小编也提醒到,本研究的主要终点是阴性结果,虽然在心绞痛的亚组人群中发现了阳性结果,也不能说在心绞痛人群中有获益,需要进一步针对心绞痛人群开展相关研究。

事实上,在上一期NEJM上报道了ISCHEMIA-CKD试验,评估在CKD患者中伴有缺血性心脏病,采用侵入性治疗还是保守的药物治疗之间的差异,同样发现二者并无临床显著性差异。

此前著名的COURAGE研究与BARI 2D研究均发现,与最佳药物治疗相比,应用冠脉支架治疗不能降低心肌梗死与死亡风险。ISCHMIA研究再次得出相同结论。2014年发表的以5项临床研究为基础的荟萃分析结论也认为在最佳药物治疗基础上进行冠脉介入治疗不能使患者更多获益(原文见JAMAIntern Med. 2014; 174(2): 232-240)。

除这些研究外,综合考虑RITA-2研究、ORBITA研究等临床试验结果,应该能够得出较为清晰的结论了:对于病情稳定的缺血性心脏病患者,按照现行指南原则予以最佳药物治疗应作为其主要治疗手段,对于冠脉支架治疗的适应证应该更为严格的掌握。

Maron DJ, Hochman JS, Reynolds HR, Bangalore S, O'Brien SM, Boden WE, Chaitman BR, Senior R, López-Sendón J, Alexander KP, Lopes RD, Shaw LJ, Berger JS, Newman JD, Sidhu MS, Goodman SG, Ruzyllo W, Gosselin G, Maggioni AP, White HD, Bhargava B, Min JK, Mancini GBJ, Berman DS, Picard MH, Kwong RY, Ali ZA, Mark DB, Spertus JA, Krishnan MN, Elghamaz A, Moorthy N, Hueb WA, Demkow M, Mavromatis K, Bockeria O, Peteiro J, Miller TD, Szwed H, Doerr R, Keltai M, Selvanayagam JB, Steg PG, Held C, Kohsaka S, Mavromichalis S, Kirby R, Jeffries NO, Harrell FE Jr, Rockhold FW, Broderick S, Ferguson TB Jr, Williams DO, Harrington RA, Stone GW, Rosenberg Y; ISCHEMIA Research Group. Initial Invasive or Conservative Strategy for Stable Coronary Disease.N Engl J Med. 2020 Apr 9;382(15):1395-1407

Bangalore S, Maron DJ, O'Brien SM, Fleg JL, Kretov EI, Briguori C, Kaul U, Reynolds HR, Mazurek T, Sidhu MS, Berger JS, Mathew RO, Bockeria O, Broderick S, Pracon R, Herzog CA, Huang Z, Stone GW, Boden WE, Newman JD, Ali ZA, Mark DB, Spertus JA, Alexander KP, Chaitman BR, Chertow GM, Hochman JS; ISCHEMIA-CKD Research Group. Management of Coronary Disease in Patients with Advanced Kidney Disease.N Engl J Med. 2020 Mar 30. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1915925.

Spertus JA, Jones PG, Maron DJ, Mark DB, O'Brien SM, Fleg JL, Reynolds HR, Stone GW, Sidhu MS, Chaitman BR, Chertow GM, Hochman JS, Bangalore S; ISCHEMIA-CKD Research Group. Health Status after Invasive or Conservative Care in Coronary and Advanced Kidney Disease.N Engl J Med. 2020 Mar 30. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1916374

Spertus JA, Jones PG, Maron DJ, O'Brien SM, Reynolds HR, Rosenberg Y, Stone GW, Harrell FE Jr, Boden WE, Weintraub WS, Baloch K, Mavromatis K, Diaz A, Gosselin G, Newman JD, Mavromichalis S, Alexander KP, Cohen DJ, Bangalore S, Hochman JS, Mark DB; ISCHEMIA Research Group. Health-Status Outcomes with Invasive or Conservative Care in Coronary Disease. N Engl J Med. 2020 Apr 9;382(15):1408-1419. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1916370.

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    2022-03-10 医者仁者

    #稳定性冠心病##支架#,这是巨大的问题

    0

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    2021-01-20 147e4706m08暂无昵称

    学习了

    0

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    2020-04-14 yankaienglish
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    2020-04-12 旺医

    顶刊就是顶刊,谢谢梅斯带来这么高水平的研究报道,我们科里同事经常看梅斯,分享梅斯上的信息

    0

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