GW-ICC 2021:细节决定成败!血压测量中6大细节

2021-10-28 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

一起学习血压的规范测量方法。

20211027-1031日,第 32 届长城国际心脏病学会议(GW-ICC 2021)隆重召开。会上来自哈尔滨医科大学附属第二医院心内科张烁教授就「血压测量中的细节问题」主题进行精彩分享。本文梳理重点内容,以分享各位同道。

规范诊疗室坐位血压测量

设备准备:是用经过认证的上臂式医用电子血压计,确保定期校准,选择合适尺寸的袖带。

环境准备:房间安静,温度适宜。

患者准备:测量前30分钟禁止吸烟,喝咖啡,进食和运动;排空膀胱;患者放松,静坐休息至少5分钟;测量过程中患者和操作者均避免谈话。

体位:取坐位,背靠椅背,双腿避免交叉,双脚平放地面上,裸露手臂,平放于桌面,袖带中部水平与心脏平齐(胸骨中点)

1)首诊时应测量双上臂血压,以血压读数较高的一侧作为后续的测量臂;

2)测量方案:至少测量2次,每次间隔12分钟,如收缩压和舒张压差别≤5mmHg,取2次读数的平均值。如差别>5mmHg,应再次测量,取后两次的平均值;

3)老年人,糖尿病患者及出现体位性低血压情况者,应加测站立位血压;

4)测量血压同时,应测定脉率。

合理选择血压计

在选择血压计,推荐使用国际标准方案认证的上臂式医用电子血压计,每年至少校准1次。当然,也可选择符合计量标准的水银柱血压计,但该血压计正在逐步被淘汰。

对于特殊人群,推荐使用手动听诊式设备,比如儿童,孕妇,臂围>42cm,心律失常患者等。在使用时,应注意以下事项:

1)边充气边听诊,待肱动脉搏动消失后再升高30mmHg,以恒定速率(2mmHg/s)缓慢放气,观察水银柱凸面的垂直高度读书

2)心动过缓时,放气速度减慢,通常每个心动周期水银柱下降不超过2mmHg,避免放气过快导致收缩压偏低和舒张压偏高的现象

3)使用偶数记录,避免尾数偏好

选择合适的袖带

在测量血压时,选择合适的袖带非常重要。若袖带尺寸较小会高估血压,较大则会低估血压,必须配备多种规格的袖带,以为患者选择合适的袖带。以下为选择要点:

1)诊室血压测量的最常见的错误是袖带不合适

2)正常臂围,使用标准规格的袖带,气囊长2226cm,宽12cm

3)臂围>32cm或臂围<26cm,分别选择大号和小号相应袖带

      应在肩峰和鹰嘴的中点测量臂围;

      袖带气囊长度应为患者臂围的75%100%

      袖带气囊宽度应为患者臂围的37%50%(长宽比为2:1

避免错误的姿势及干扰因素

憋尿:可导致血压读数偏高1015mmHg。在测量血压之前,应排空膀胱。

坐姿不端正:懒散,背部/下肢缺乏支撑等不端正的坐姿,可造成血压读数偏高约610mmHg。测量血压时,须背靠椅背,双脚平放在地板或脚蹬上。

手臂悬空:可造成血压读数偏高约10mmHg  。应将手臂平放桌面上,应给予支撑,避免肌肉收缩和等长运动影响血压。

翘二郎腿:可使读数偏高约28mmHg。不要翘二郎腿,双脚得到支撑,避免交叉双腿。

说话:回答问题,打电话可能造成血压读数偏高约10mmHg。因此需要注意保持安静。

首诊测量双上臂血压

首次就诊测量双上臂血压,以血压读数较高的一侧作为后续测量的上臂。关注臂间血压差异(IAD):

1)避免高血压漏诊

2)有助于周围动脉血管疾病的筛查和诊断

3)预测心血管事件,心血管死亡和全因死亡风险。若IAD>10mmHg,需重复测量确认。应使用较高血压值。若IAD>20mmHg,建议测量四肢血压,需筛查动脉疾病。

就诊期间血压测量次数

大部分人就诊时,首次测得的血压高于后续测量值。2017年高血压临床实践指南建议:门诊就诊时需测量血压≥ 2次。

不同体位的血压测量

  • 通常取坐位测血压,特殊情况下也可取仰卧位或站立位。仰卧位测量血压手臂下应加垫枕头,保持手臂与心脏同水平。
  • 坐位血压值较卧位降低约3mmHg,立位血压值较坐位降低约5mmHg,左侧卧位较平卧位降低16mmHg
  • 对于症状提示体位性低血压者,尤其是老年人,退行性疾病或糖尿病患者,除测量坐位血压外,应加测立位血压。
  • 立位血压测量方法:在卧位改为站立后1分钟和3分钟测量。若收缩压下降>20mmHg和(或)舒张压下降>10mmHg称为体位性低血压。

综上,血压的准确测量是高血压诊断、高血压防治效果评估以及血压监测的基础和关键。然而,测血压看似简单,但其中门道不少,规范诊室血压测量细节是关键,同时重点人群关注四肢血压及不同体位血压。

本文整理自哈尔滨医科大学附属第二医院心内科张烁教授长城会上发言

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    2021-10-30 zhs3884
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    2021-10-30 chenwq12
  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1679375, encodeId=241916e93751c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c0ee889564a' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#血压测量#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=88956, encryptionId=c0ee889564a, topicName=血压测量)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=47e127763663, createdName=zxxiang, createdTime=Sun Jan 16 23:51:43 CST 2022, time=2022-01-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1462087, encodeId=34f6146208ec9, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=32fd933505' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#ICC#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=9335, encryptionId=32fd933505, topicName=ICC)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=36506466438, createdName=zhs3884, createdTime=Sat Oct 30 07:51:43 CST 2021, time=2021-10-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1527223, encodeId=c09e152e223f0, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=81ca834123' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#GW-ICC#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=49, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=8341, encryptionId=81ca834123, topicName=GW-ICC)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=00e511815854, createdName=chenwq12, createdTime=Sat Oct 30 07:51:43 CST 2021, time=2021-10-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1064995, encodeId=45541064995dc, content=好详细, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=44, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20211023/a2b39a15acdc402ea8beb0784bd7cc78/f63973a7c79d4e2d9ef4b9462283e0ff.jpg, createdBy=ddf95645645, createdName=会飞的Alice, createdTime=Fri Oct 29 15:39:23 CST 2021, time=2021-10-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1064805, encodeId=0f361064805cf, content=细节决定成败, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=50, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=adb44137078, createdName=13c49547m62暂无昵称, createdTime=Thu Oct 28 21:28:48 CST 2021, time=2021-10-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1064768, encodeId=de941064e68de, content=een恩, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=51, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=22375427291, createdName=ms8000000878452526, createdTime=Thu Oct 28 19:59:46 CST 2021, time=2021-10-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1064717, encodeId=8b751064e17ea, content=很好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=52, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/oLAjfB7s1ib06iaV3D9Tg5K2qnibIIUQIJNGmj7CGnlINbL2L0XSvlTov3Vzia7eQEtrJJvZPQL6fLGSxkjnVicwqnnibKXqBFE6ibM/0, createdBy=33911973225, createdName=weichi, createdTime=Thu Oct 28 17:00:52 CST 2021, time=2021-10-28, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-10-29 会飞的Alice

    好详细

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1679375, encodeId=241916e93751c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c0ee889564a' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#血压测量#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=88956, encryptionId=c0ee889564a, topicName=血压测量)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=47e127763663, createdName=zxxiang, createdTime=Sun Jan 16 23:51:43 CST 2022, time=2022-01-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1462087, encodeId=34f6146208ec9, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=32fd933505' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#ICC#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=9335, encryptionId=32fd933505, topicName=ICC)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=36506466438, createdName=zhs3884, createdTime=Sat Oct 30 07:51:43 CST 2021, time=2021-10-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1527223, encodeId=c09e152e223f0, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=81ca834123' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#GW-ICC#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=49, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=8341, encryptionId=81ca834123, topicName=GW-ICC)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=00e511815854, createdName=chenwq12, createdTime=Sat Oct 30 07:51:43 CST 2021, time=2021-10-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1064995, encodeId=45541064995dc, content=好详细, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=44, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20211023/a2b39a15acdc402ea8beb0784bd7cc78/f63973a7c79d4e2d9ef4b9462283e0ff.jpg, createdBy=ddf95645645, createdName=会飞的Alice, createdTime=Fri Oct 29 15:39:23 CST 2021, time=2021-10-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1064805, encodeId=0f361064805cf, content=细节决定成败, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=50, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=adb44137078, createdName=13c49547m62暂无昵称, createdTime=Thu Oct 28 21:28:48 CST 2021, time=2021-10-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1064768, encodeId=de941064e68de, content=een恩, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=51, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=22375427291, createdName=ms8000000878452526, createdTime=Thu Oct 28 19:59:46 CST 2021, time=2021-10-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1064717, encodeId=8b751064e17ea, content=很好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=52, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/oLAjfB7s1ib06iaV3D9Tg5K2qnibIIUQIJNGmj7CGnlINbL2L0XSvlTov3Vzia7eQEtrJJvZPQL6fLGSxkjnVicwqnnibKXqBFE6ibM/0, createdBy=33911973225, createdName=weichi, createdTime=Thu Oct 28 17:00:52 CST 2021, time=2021-10-28, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-10-28 13c49547m62暂无昵称

    细节决定成败

    0

  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1679375, encodeId=241916e93751c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c0ee889564a' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#血压测量#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=88956, encryptionId=c0ee889564a, topicName=血压测量)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=47e127763663, createdName=zxxiang, createdTime=Sun Jan 16 23:51:43 CST 2022, time=2022-01-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1462087, encodeId=34f6146208ec9, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=32fd933505' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#ICC#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=9335, encryptionId=32fd933505, topicName=ICC)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=36506466438, createdName=zhs3884, createdTime=Sat Oct 30 07:51:43 CST 2021, time=2021-10-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1527223, encodeId=c09e152e223f0, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=81ca834123' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#GW-ICC#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=49, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=8341, encryptionId=81ca834123, topicName=GW-ICC)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=00e511815854, createdName=chenwq12, createdTime=Sat Oct 30 07:51:43 CST 2021, time=2021-10-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1064995, encodeId=45541064995dc, content=好详细, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=44, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20211023/a2b39a15acdc402ea8beb0784bd7cc78/f63973a7c79d4e2d9ef4b9462283e0ff.jpg, createdBy=ddf95645645, createdName=会飞的Alice, createdTime=Fri Oct 29 15:39:23 CST 2021, time=2021-10-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1064805, encodeId=0f361064805cf, content=细节决定成败, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=50, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=adb44137078, createdName=13c49547m62暂无昵称, createdTime=Thu Oct 28 21:28:48 CST 2021, time=2021-10-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1064768, encodeId=de941064e68de, content=een恩, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=51, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=22375427291, createdName=ms8000000878452526, createdTime=Thu Oct 28 19:59:46 CST 2021, time=2021-10-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1064717, encodeId=8b751064e17ea, content=很好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=52, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/oLAjfB7s1ib06iaV3D9Tg5K2qnibIIUQIJNGmj7CGnlINbL2L0XSvlTov3Vzia7eQEtrJJvZPQL6fLGSxkjnVicwqnnibKXqBFE6ibM/0, createdBy=33911973225, createdName=weichi, createdTime=Thu Oct 28 17:00:52 CST 2021, time=2021-10-28, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-10-28 ms8000000878452526

    een恩

    0

  7. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1679375, encodeId=241916e93751c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c0ee889564a' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#血压测量#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=88956, encryptionId=c0ee889564a, topicName=血压测量)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=47e127763663, createdName=zxxiang, createdTime=Sun Jan 16 23:51:43 CST 2022, time=2022-01-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1462087, encodeId=34f6146208ec9, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=32fd933505' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#ICC#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=9335, encryptionId=32fd933505, topicName=ICC)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=36506466438, createdName=zhs3884, createdTime=Sat Oct 30 07:51:43 CST 2021, time=2021-10-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1527223, encodeId=c09e152e223f0, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=81ca834123' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#GW-ICC#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=49, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=8341, encryptionId=81ca834123, topicName=GW-ICC)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=00e511815854, createdName=chenwq12, createdTime=Sat Oct 30 07:51:43 CST 2021, time=2021-10-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1064995, encodeId=45541064995dc, content=好详细, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=44, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20211023/a2b39a15acdc402ea8beb0784bd7cc78/f63973a7c79d4e2d9ef4b9462283e0ff.jpg, createdBy=ddf95645645, createdName=会飞的Alice, createdTime=Fri Oct 29 15:39:23 CST 2021, time=2021-10-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1064805, encodeId=0f361064805cf, content=细节决定成败, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=50, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=adb44137078, createdName=13c49547m62暂无昵称, createdTime=Thu Oct 28 21:28:48 CST 2021, time=2021-10-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1064768, encodeId=de941064e68de, content=een恩, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=51, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=22375427291, createdName=ms8000000878452526, createdTime=Thu Oct 28 19:59:46 CST 2021, time=2021-10-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1064717, encodeId=8b751064e17ea, content=很好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=52, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/oLAjfB7s1ib06iaV3D9Tg5K2qnibIIUQIJNGmj7CGnlINbL2L0XSvlTov3Vzia7eQEtrJJvZPQL6fLGSxkjnVicwqnnibKXqBFE6ibM/0, createdBy=33911973225, createdName=weichi, createdTime=Thu Oct 28 17:00:52 CST 2021, time=2021-10-28, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-10-28 weichi

    很好

    0

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