BMJ:国家膳食指南对健康及可持续发展的影响

2020-07-18 网络 网络

研究认为,与WHO或EAT-Lancet的全球饮食建议相比,各个国家膳食指南仍有较大的改进空间,包限制动物源性食品,增加全谷类、水果和蔬菜、坚果、种子和豆类的摄入

近日研究人员开展模拟研究,考察了83个国家的膳食指南(FBDGS)对健康和环境的影响,并与全球健康和环境目标进行比较。
 
研究人员提出了一种分级编码方法,从85个FBDGs中提取数据,通过膳食导致的温室气体排放、淡水使用、农田使用和化肥施用以评估环境影响,通过膳食对慢病的影响评估健康影响。为了进行比较,研究采用世界卫生组织和EAT-Lancet的全球饮食建议作为健康饮食的标准,对环境的影响的评估准则包括《非传染性疾病行动议程》、《巴黎气候协定》、与土地利用有关的生物多样性目标以及与淡水利用和化肥应用有关的可持续发展目标。
 
尽管国家FBDGs可减少15%的过早死亡,减少13%的温室气体排放,但与全球标准进行标准进行比较时,大多数国家准则(83,98%)至少与一项全球卫生和环境目标不符。约三分之一(29,34%)的FBDGs不符合关于非传染性疾病的议程,大多数不符合《巴黎气候协定》(57-74%)和其他环境目标(67-87%)。相比之下,若采用EAT-Lancet准则则可减少34%以上的过早死亡率,减少3倍以上的温室气体排放量。根据EAT-Lancet准则,英国、美国和中国的FBDGs不符合气候变化、土地利用、淡水和氮目标,采取EAT-Lancet的建议指导方针可以将英国过早死亡人数减少量从78000人增加到104000人,美国从480000人增加到585000人,中国从149000人增加到802000人。
 
研究认为,与WHO或EAT-Lancet的全球饮食建议相比,各个国家膳食指南仍有较大的改进空间。限制动物源性食品,特别是牛肉和奶制品的消费可有助于环境的可持续发展,增加全谷类、水果和蔬菜、坚果、种子以及豆类的摄入量,减少红肉和加工肉摄入,可有助于实现均衡能量摄入和控制体重。
 
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    2021-04-09 gaoxiaoe
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    2020-07-20 zhaojie88
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    2020-07-19 wangzheng00

    学习

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